Vaccines

Question 1

What do beta-lactams target?

Answer 1

synthesis of bacteria cell wall (peptidoglycan)

Question 2

What do macrolides target?

Answer 2

inhibit prokaryotic ribosomes (translation)

Question 3

What do quinolines target?

Answer 3

inhibit prokaryotic topoisomerase (gyrase)

Question 4

Why can’t antibiotics be used to treat viral diseases?

Answer 4

Viruses don’t have cell walls that can be attacked by antibiotics
antibiotics target bacteria, not viruses

Question 5

What is an attenuated vaccine?

Answer 5

virus is modified so it doesn’t cause disease, lifelong immune response

Question 6

What is a recombinant vaccine?

Answer 6

The gene that codes for the surface antigen is put into a plasmid in yeast or bacterial cells. Purified protein is used for the vaccine. Lifelong immune response

Question 7

What is an mRNA vaccine?

Answer 7

gene that codes for surface antigen is put into a plasmid in yeast or bacterial cells. Purified mRNA is used for the vaccine. Easy to make changes in mRNA sequence, boosters required

Question 8

What is herd immunity?

Answer 8

people in a group/area have achieved immunity against a virus or other infectious agent to make it very difficult for the infection to spread
virus can mutate and people no longer have immunity

Question 9

What is thimerosal?

Answer 9

vaccine additive that prevents contamination by bacteria and fungi in multi-dose vials, contains ethylmercury

Question 10

What are 3 factors that impact rates of autism diagnoses?

Answer 10

new screening for children 18-24 months (new diagnosis infrastructure)
different ways of diagnosing varies from state-to-state and country-to-country
access to medical care isn’t the same in rural areas as it is in big cities