Vaccines Flashcards
(29 cards)
Compare the roles of cell-mediated and humoral immunity in virus infections
Both necessary: Humoral may prevent illness, but T cell immunity is necessary for recovery
humoral — first line of defense; think B cells
Cell-mediated — when virus gets into cells; think T cells
Define local immunity. Give an example
A natural or acquired immunity to infections
Identify those organisms against which cell-mediated immunity is most effective
a
Identify those organisms against which humoral immunity is most effective
a
Give an example of a human antitoxin
Human tetanus immune globulin (TIG)
Give an example of an animal antitoxin
horse antiserum against pneumonia
Give an example of a toxoid
Tetanus toxoid (inactivated toxin)
Diphtheria
Give an example of a killed virus vaccine
IPV
Give an example of a live virus vaccine
MMR
Intranasal flu
Oral polio
Identify which (of the human/animal antitoxin, toxoid, killed virus vx, live virus vx) produces the longest lasting immunity
Toxoid…?
Discuss possible hazards of a human antitoxin
a
Discuss possible hazards of an animal antitoxin
a
Discuss possible hazards of a toxoid
a
Discuss possible hazards of a killed virus vaccine
a
Discuss possible hazards of a live virus vaccine
a
What are the appropriate times for immunization of children against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio and measles?
D: 2m, 4m, 6m, 15m, 4-6y
Pert: 2m, 4m, 6m, 15m, 4-6y
T: 2m, 4m, 6m, 15m, 4-6y
Pol: 2m, 4m, 6-15m, 4-6y
M: 12-15m, 4-6y
Why are live viral vaccines generally ineffective in the very young?
a
How are IgG and IgM Ab titer used in diagnosing intrauterine and neonatal infection?
a
What is the composition of a typical conjugate vaccine?
Complex card (e.g. Hib) plus a protein “carrier”
Describe the mode of action for a typical conjugate vaccine
B cells would already bind to carb, but only release IgM (can’t be induced to change to IgG)
The protein-carb complex is ingested by B cells, but only present the protein on the surface — attracts the Tfh and helps initiate that change
Babies and the elderly are very responsive to conjugate vaccines. (e.g. pneumococcal conjugate)
OPV was developed by whom?
Albert Sabin (promotes innate response — IgA)
IPV was developed by whom?
Jonas Salk (promotes adaptive response — IgG)
Which polio vaccine is currently used in the US?
IPV
Define herd immunity
All the immunized people protect the people who are immunized (include idiots, offspring of idiots, or immunocompromised/ contraindicated individuals)
