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Vaccines Flashcards

Vaccine principles and protocols in cats and dogs (108 cards)

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1
Q

Predisposing factors to getting an infection?

A 
Age
Health
Nutrition Status
Concurrent disease
Immunodeficiency
Immunosuppresive treatment
Stress
Agent pathogenicity
Exposure Dose
Geographic prevalence
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2
Q

6 Objectives of vaccinating

A
  1. Vax as many as possible who are AT RISK
  2. Vax each individual no more frequently than necessary
  3. Vax only against agents that individuals are at risk of exposure
  4. Only vax against agents that cause significant disease
  5. Vax only when benefits outweigh risks
  6. Vax to protect human/public health
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3
Q

Things to consider when developing vaccine protocol

A
  1. Life stage and Lifestyle
  2. Risk of exposure
  3. Underlying medical condition
  4. Breed
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4
Q

What do you put in medical record after giving vax?

A
  1. Sticker off of vaccine bottle
  2. Date given
  3. site/route of administration
  4. Sign name
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5
Q

What are noninfectious vaccines

A

These vaccines can not replicate in host

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6
Q

two categories of noninfectious vaccines

A
  1. inactivated (killed) viral

2. bacterial vaccine

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7
Q

What are infectious vaccines

A

Virus/bacteria that CAN replicate in host. They MUST infect host cells to immunize

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8
Q

two categories of infectious vaccines

A
  1. MLV

2. recombinant vaccines

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9
Q

what is sterile immunity

A

when a vaccinated animal has no risk of developing illness because the vaccine is highly immunogenic (e.g. parvo, CDV)

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10
Q

what is non-sterile immunity

A

when a vaccine decreases severity of a dz but does not prevent illness.

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11
Q

What is vaccine dosing based on? Does weight matter?

A

NOT based on weight!
Based on minimum immunizing dose (inactivated vax)
Based on minimum infectious dose (attenuated vax)

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12
Q

What are “non-responders?”

A

dogs that are genetically incapable of responding to an antigen, and remain susceptible. Often pure bred dogs.

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13
Q

3 reasons to vaccinate

A
  1. individual health
  2. herd immunity
  3. To decrease shedding
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14
Q

name 3 vaccine groups

A
  1. core/recommended
  2. non-core/optional
  3. not recommended
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15
Q

What are core vaccines

A

recommended for all patients
usually highly contagious disease
usually a disease that’s fatal or severe
the vaccine is SAFE and EFFECTIVE

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16
Q

What are non-core vaccines

A

given ONLY to patients at risk of exposure
vaccine is safe and effective
disease is more serious then vaccine side effects

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17
Q

Characteristics of vaccines that are not recommended

A

not effective
side effects worse than the disease
disease is not endemic to the area

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18
Q

NAME the canine core vaccines

A

Canine Distemper virus
Canine Adenovirus - 2
Parvovirus
Rabies

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19
Q

CDV affects which systems

how is it transmitted

A

respiratory, GI, neurologic

via aerosol or droplets from wildlife reservoirs

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20
Q

What age group does CDV affect, how severely?

A

young animals, causes death

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21
Q

CDV vaccine type(s)

A

Recombinant CDV vax - rCDV
MLV

rCDV provides immunity 2 wks earlier in face of MDA

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22
Q

Canine Adenovirus 2 signs and transmission

A

Kennel cough

via direct contact and fomites, from wildlife reservoirs

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23
Q

CAV-2 vax protects against?

A

CAV-1 (hepatitis) and CAV-2

CAV-1 vax causes blue-eye

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24
Q

how does parvo cause death

A

dehydration or endotoxemia

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25
how is parvo transmitted, who's most at risk
puppies at high risk fecal-oral transmission ubiquitous in environment
26
How to diagnose CPV
Snap parvo test
27
when do you vaccinate for rabies?
MUST be AFTER 12 weeks of age. Usually 16 wks.
28
Who decides how frequently rabies vax should be given
state, provincial, and/or local laws
29
how frequently do you vax for rabies
usually after 1 year and then every 3 years
30
what do you do if an animal is overdue for its 3 year vax
If overdue for booster, revaccinate with 1-year vaccine.
31
What happens if an animal bites someone (vaccinated vs non vaccinated vs overdue)
vaccinated: 45 day observation overdue w/ proof: booster, observe 45 days overdue no proof: treat like unvax, consider serology never vaccinated: euth or 4 month quarantine and give rabies vax w/in 4 days
32
Non core vaccines
``` Lyme Leptospirosis Bordatella canine influenza parainfluenza ```
33
Lepto transmission and disease it causes
spread in urine, bite wounds, ingestion of infected tissues causes: acute renal failure, liver dz, icterus
34
what age group susceptible to lepto?
dogs older than 7 yrs
35
When do you give lepto vax
12 and 16 wks
36
Important to know about the lepto vaccine:
use the 4-serovar vaccine, it's less likey to cause vaccine reaction
37
when/how to repeat Lepto vax
if the last vax was more than 18 months ago then repeat a series of 2 vaccines
38
Parainfluenza causes?
kennel cough
39
what route is parainfluenza vax?
Injectable recommended
40
Bordatella clinical signs and transmission
kennel cough - dry hacking cough | dog-dog contact or airborne
41
what dogs are at risk for bordatella infection
boarding, shows, grooming, brachycephalic breeds
42
bordatella vaccine route and duration?
injectable lasts 1 year
43
When can bordatella vaccine be given?
Injectable: as early as 3-4 wks
44
important consideration for bord vaccine?
Don't give to patient on antibiotics, it's a live vaccine, may result in no response following vax
45
Canine influenza strain and transmission
H3N8 | direct contact and fomite transmission
46
Canine influenza signs
cough, conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, fever
47
what's the new canine strain and what should u know aobut it
H3N2 | H3N8 vax doesn't protect against it-
48
What dogs should be given the bivalent CIV vaccine?
dogs exposed to race tracks, shows, dogs traveling to hotspots
49
When (time-wise) do you give CIV vaccine and how do you booster?
Give two doses to at risk dogs over 6 weeks old. Give 4 weeks before exposure. Give them 2 weeks apart. Booster annually.
50
Lyme disease agent and transmission
Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete, transmitted by ixodes tick
51
lyme disease clinical signs
fever, polyarthritis, renal disease, meningitis
52
Why give lyme vaccine?
to at risk dogs (traveling to endemic areas)
53
Best way to prevent lyme disease?
TICK CONTROL. more important than vax.
54
Not recommended dog vaccines:
Corona and rattlesnake vaccine
55
Corona transmission and disease
ubiquitous in enviro | causes mild self-limiting diseas
56
Is corona recommended? why or why not?
Nope, it provides little immunity
57
Rattle snake vaccine purpose, cons?
supposed to protect against venom but lacks evidence high rate of side effects
58
Eruption times of upper incisors and canines?
upper middle incisors: 12-14 wks 2nd upper incisors: 14-16 wks 3rd upper incisors: 16-18 wks upper canines: 20 wks, fully in by 24 wks
59
DA2PP?
distemper, adenovirus-2, parvo, +/- parainfluenza
60
when do u give DA2P?
8, 12, 16 wks | If HIGH RISK environment: final dose at 18-20 wks
61
what vax do you give a dog that's 1 year and 16 wks
assuming they got all their puppy vaccines: DA2PP - 3 year vaccine Rabies - 3 year vaccine Lepto to at risk patients, give every year
62
what vax to a dog 2 years and 16 wks (assume up to date)
Physical exam! | Lepto to at risk dogs
63
When to give Bordatella? duration?
1-2 wks before exposure. Lasts 1 year.
64
what dogs at risk for bord?
dogs going to boarding, grooming, shows, parks
65
How to vaccinate dogs over 5 months receiving vax for the first time?
Give one dose of MLV Distemp, Adeno-2 and Parvo
66
list the feline core vaccines
Panleukopenia virus Rabies Feiline Viral Rhinotracheitis (Herpes) Calicivirus
67
FVRV (herpes) signs
upper resp infection, conjunctivitis, keratitis
68
FVRV transmission
mostly direct contact. Fomites can transmit.
69
Calicivirus signs
upper resp. infection, oral ulcers esp. on tongue. | carrier exist
70
Calicivirus transmission
mostly direct contact. Fomites can transmit.
71
Calicivirus side effect?
limping kitten syndrome
72
Panleukopenia signs
leukopenia, lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, sudden death, cerebellar hypoplasia
73
panleuk transmission
ubiquitous, fecal-oral or fomites | newer parvo strains can cause it
74
panleuk protection?
complete
75
calici protection?
incomplete
76
FVRV protection?
incomplete
77
how to test for panleukopenia?
with parvo snap test
78
list feline non core vaccines:
Feline Leukemia Virus Feline Immunodeficiency virus Bordatella Chlamydia
79
FeLV signs
immunosuppresion, neoplasm, anemia
80
FeLV transmission
direct contact | kittens more susceptible
81
FeLV protection?
doesn't always induce protection
82
How to test for FeLV?
Elisa antigen test | PCR for latent cats only
83
FeLV vaccine type
recombinant, adjuvant free vaccine
84
AAFP FeLV recommendations?
vaccinate all kittens vaccinate cats that test negative booster initial series 1 yr after last dose, then annually in high risk cats and every 2 years in low risk cats
85
Feline immunodeficiency virus transmission
bite wounds
86
FIV susceptible age group?
kittns and adults
87
how to test FIV? what does a positive result mean?
antibody test positive = infected, vaccinated, maternal antibody if kitten is possitve, retest after MDA wanes vaccinated cats shud be identified by tattoo or microchip PCR not sensitive not specific
88
when does MDA wane?
6 months
89
Chlamydia felis pathogen and signs
bacteria that causes conjunctivitis
90
chlamydia transmission
cat to cat contact
91
chlamydia tx?
tetracycline/doxycycline
92
cat Bordatella signs
upper resp signs
93
cat bordatella transmission?
cat to cat/dog contact, infectious disharges
94
when to vax for chlamydia?
multi-cat environment where Chalmydia's been confirmed
95
when to vax for Bord?
multicat house hold with confirmed Bord case, | or houses w/ positive dogs
96
Feline not recommended?
FIP
97
FIP pathogen
feline corona virus mutates, begins to replicate in macrophages
98
FIP transmission
ubiquitous
99
FIP protection?
no evidence it confers protection
100
FVRCP?
Feline Viral rhinotracheitis, calici, panleuk
101
fvrcp vaccine schedule? site?
8, 12, 16 wks. right front limb, DISTAL.
102
FeLV vax, schedule? site?
to at risk cats: at 12 and 16 wks in left rear limb, DISTAL.
103
when to give canary pox vaccine? site?
at 16 wks in right rear limb
104
when to booster feline vaccines and why?
all given one year later and annually. | not 3 years because they are intranasal, last only one year. Intranasal to avoid injection site sarcomas.
105
rabies vax site?
right rear, DISTAL.
106
Adverse Vaccine reactions
minor: pain, lethargy, mild fever major: fever causing hyporexia, vomiting, diarrhea, alopecia, rash/urticaria, facial edema
107
severe vaccine reactions
fibrosarcoma, anaphylaxis, IMHA, polyarthritis, ischemic vasculitis (ear tips), nerve damage
108
vaccine reaction treatment
treat symptoms! For fever, vomiting, diarrhea, rash/urticaria, facial edema give Dexmethasone or diphenhydramine IV (antihistamine)

Small Animal Medicine (3 decks)

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