Vaccines Flashcards
(49 cards)
Herd immunity is important for diseases that spread via contagion. Keeps infectious diseases from spreading!
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Herd immunity does not apply to protection from what diseases?
Diseases that are not contagious (ex. tetanus).
There, it is important that the vaccination is highly effective and that as many people as possible are vaccinated to be protected.
Cocooning immunizations
Recommendations that all individuals with regular close contact with newborn infants be vaccinated against pertusssis (fam members, grandparents, caregivers, etc)
we can still be a carrier for pertussis even though we may not be susceptible as adults
Active immunization has memory!
Passive immunization does NOT have memory!
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Examples of passive immunization?
antitoxins for venoms, toxins maternal immunity (IgA - breastfeeding, IgG - crossing placental barrier)
Passive immunity is immediate but only temporary protection.
Other names for it?
serum therapy
antiserum
antitoxin (anti-snake venmoms, botulism, tetanus)
immune globin
homologous …?
heterologous…?
for immune globin
homologous = human
heterlogous = horse (serum sickness, a Type III hypersensitivity rxn)
Give Hep B Immune globulin to children within 12 hours of birth at a separate site where you administer the Hep B vacc!!
For children born to HepB pos mothers.
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Toxoid?
inactivated vaccine - inactivated toxins
live attenuated vaccine?
live vaccine that replicates but does not cause overt disease in vaccinated individuals
an immune response is made against the live vaccine eventually to eliminate the infection and generate memory
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS OR PREGNANT WOMEN!
An inactivated/toxoid behaves like what?
what kind of response?
dead protein antigen! - extracellular MHC Class II
Causes an HUMORAL response only! (has an antibody response)
Example of inactivated toxoid vaccine?
DTaP
Tetanus is a toxoid that is given as part of a combination vaccine - boosters every 10 years - 3 doses at start
Has adjuvant (alum) in it
3 doses allows generation of high titers of Abs. Also memory cells and long lived plasma cells created.
affinity increases with each shot (first igM then IgG)
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Recombinant vaccines
express a single antigen from a bacteria/virus/etc rather than the whole organism/virus itself
RIV4 Influenza vaccine
recombinant vaccine quadrivalent
IIV3/IIV4
inactivated influenza vaccine tri/quadravalent
use mainly for the elderly - need a stronger vaccine so give higher doses
ccIIV4
cell culture influenza vaccine
free of eggs!
LAIV4
live attenuated influenza vaccine
aIIV4
adjuvant influenza
more for elderly who need stronger immunization
The inactivated killed influenza vaccine is created in eggs! IIV3/IIV4
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Influenza vaccine is the IM route… Fluad has adjuvants and inactivated influenza. It leads to inflammation with chemokine secretion and recruitment of relevant cells. DC takes up the Ag and brings it to lymph nodes for presentation to T cells.
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Example of killed vaccine now that didn’t used to be killed? (besides the influenza vaccine)
Polio!
rare side effects with live so we changed it
killed vaccines are just with antibodies for protection!
HepB is what type of vaccine?
Recombinant subunit!
Only make humoral/ab responses
Examples of recombinant vaccines?
HepB
RIV4 Influenza vaccine
Only make humoral/ab responses