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Pediatrics exam 2 > Vaccines and Immunizations > Flashcards

Vaccines and Immunizations Flashcards

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1
Q

DTap Brand names

A

Infanrix®
Daptacel®

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2
Q

DTap stands for

A

Diphtheria & Tetanus Toxoids/Acellular Pertussis

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3
Q

DTap vaccine MOA

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously
produced antibodies (Inactivated & Microbial products)

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4
Q

Contradindications for DTap Vaccine

A
  • Documented hypersensitivity
  • Hx of Adverse reaction to prior tetanus vaccination (<10 yr have elapsed)
  • Hx of encephalopathy (within 7 days of administration not attributable to
    other causes), progressive neurologic disorder including uncontrolled or
    progressive epilepsy, infantile spasms, with pertussis-containing vaccine
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5
Q

Side Effects of DTaP

A
  • Swelling, erythema, fever, drowsiness, fussiness, irritability anorexia,
    lethargy, swelling, tenderness, angioedema, apnea, cellulitis, cough,
    cyanosis, ear pain, headache, hypotonia, limb swelling, pruritus
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6
Q

Routine Dosing Schedule for DTaP

A
  • 4 doses
    1. 2 mo
    2. 4 mo
    3. 6 mo
    4. 15-20 mo
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7
Q

MMRI Mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies (Live attenuated virus)

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8
Q

Contraindications for MMRI

A
  • Documented hypersensitivity
  • Immunosuppression
  • Pregnancy (avoid pregnancy for 3 months following)
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9
Q

Side Effects of MMRI

A

arthralgia/arthritis, fever, urticaria, rash, pruritus, injection
site rxn, headache, dizziness, malaise, irritability

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10
Q

Suspected adverse events after administration of any vaccine may be
reported to _____

A

Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS)

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11
Q

Pregnancy and MMRI

A

Category X (avoid pregnancy for 3 months following)

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12
Q

Routine Dosing Schedule for MMR

A
  • 2 doses
    1. 12-15 months
    2. 4-6 y
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13
Q

Length of Immunity for MMR

A

> 15 years after 2 doses

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14
Q

Poliovirus vaccine brand names

A

IPOL®
IPV®
Poliovax®

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15
Q

Poliovirus mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies (3 strains of inactivated virus)

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16
Q

Contraindications for poliovirus vaccine

A
  • Hypersensitivity to neomycin, streptomycin, polymixin B
  • Defer if acute febrile illness
  • Concomitant methotrexate
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17
Q

Poliovirus vaccine side effects

A

Irritability, fatigue, injection site rxn, anorexia, fever, vomiting

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18
Q

Poliovirus Routine Dosing Schedule

A

4 doses
1. 2 mo
2. 4 mo
3. 6-18 mo
4. 4-6 yo

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19
Q

Hepatitis A vaccine Brand names

A

Havrix®
Vaqta®

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20
Q

Hepatitis A Mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies (Inactivated virus)

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21
Q

Side Effects of Hep A vaccine

A

injection site rxn, irritability, anorexia, fatigue, headache, fever,
malaise, nausea, myalgia, URI, diarrhea

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22
Q

Routine Dosing Schedule for Hep A vaccine

A

2 doses*
1. 12 mo
2. 24 mo
*Interval between doses varies by brand

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23
Q

Hepatitis B vaccine brands

A

Pediarix®
Recombivax HB

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24
Q

Hepatitis B Vaccine mechanism

A

Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of
endogenously produced antibodies (Inactivated virus)

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25
Hepatitis B Vaccine side effects
injection site rxn, irritability, fever, diarrhea, fatigue/weakness, ↓ appetite (peds pts), headache, malaise, rhinitis, nausea
26
Hepatitis B Routine Dosing Schedule
3 doses* 1. Birth 2. 1 mo 3. 6 mo *Interval between doses varies by brand
27
Rotavirus Brands
Rotarix® RotaTeq®
28
Rotavirus mechanism
Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies (Live attenuated virus replicates in the small intestine leading to immune response)
29
Contraindication for rotavirus
* Hypersensitivity * Immunosuppression * Infants aged <6 weeks & >32 weeks * Risk of intussusception
30
Routine Dosing Schedule for Rotavirus
2-3 doses* 1. 2 mo 2. 4 mo *Interval between doses varies by brand
31
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Mechanism brands
ActHIB® Hiberix® Liquid PedvaxHIB®
32
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B mechanism
Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies (Antigenic capsular polysaccharides)
33
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B routine dosing schedule
4 doses* 1. 2 mo 2. 4 mo 3. 6 mo 4. 12 mo *Interval between doses varies by brand
34
Pneumococcal 13 brands
Prevnar 13®
35
Pneumococcal 13 mechanism
Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies against 13 Strep. Pneumoniae serotypes (Inactivated virus)
36
Pneumococcal 13 side effects
injection site rxn, irritability, altered sleep patterns, fatigue, headache, ↓appetite, musculoskeletal pain, rigors, fever, rash, V/D
37
Pneumococcal 13 routine dosing
* 4 doses 1. 2 mo 2. 4 mo 3. 6 mo 4. 12 mo
38
Influenza vaccine brands
Fluarix® Fluzone® Fluzon® FluLaval® Flucelvax® Afluria®
39
Contraindications for influenza vaccine
Hypersensitivity to any component or egg protein
39
Influenza mechanism
Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies (Inactivated virus A & B subunits)
40
Influenza vaccine side effects
injection site rxn, drowsiness (peds pts), headache, fatigue, irritability (peds pts), myalgia, ↓appetite peds pts), nausea/vomiting, arthralgia, diarrhea, shivering, fever
41
Routine Dosing Schedule for Influenza
* 6 mo * Annually
42
Varicella vaccine brand name
Varivax®
43
Varicella mechanism
Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies (Live attenuated virus)
44
Varicella vaccine contraindications
* Hypersensitivity to gelatin, neomycin * Pregnancy * HIV: CD4+ count <200 cells/mcL * Primary & acquired immunodeficiency states * Current febrile illness * Active TB
45
Varicella pregnancy category
Category X
46
Varicella Dosing schedule
* 12 mo * 4 yo
47
Length of Immunity for varicella
10+ years
48
Meningococcus vaccine Brand names
Menactra® Menveo® Trumenba® Bexsero®
49
Meningococcus mechanism
Conveys active immunity by complement-mediated antibody- dependent killing of N. meningitidis (Inactivated Bacteria)
50
Routine Dosing Schedule for Meningococcus
2 doses 1. 12 yo 2. 16 yo
51
Human Papilloma Virus vaccine brand name
Gardasil 9®
52
Human Papilloma Virus mechanism
Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies (Inactivated virus)
53
Human Papilloma Virus vaccine indication
Prevention cervical, vulvar, vaginal cancer, anal cancer, & condyloma acuminata (HPV Types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, & 58)
54
Human Papilloma Virus vaccine contraindication
Hypersensitivity to yeast
55
Routine Dosing Schedule for HPV vaccine
2-3 doses – 0 mo & 6-12 mo for 2 total doses – 0 mo, 1-2 mo, & 6 mo for 3 total doses
56
Length of Immunity for HPV vaccine
At least 2 years
57
Yellow Fever vaccine brand name
YF Vax®
58
Yellow Fever vaccine mechanism
Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies (Live attenuated virus)
59
Yellow Fever vaccine contraindications
* Hypersensitivity to chicken eggs * Acute or febrile disease * Immunosuppressed patients * Infants <9 months (per manufacturer due to risk of encephalitis) * Lactation
60
Yellow Fever vaccine routine dosing
1 dose at > 9 mo
61
Typhoid vaccine brand name
Vivotif®
62
Typhoid vaccine mechanism
Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies (Live attenuated oral bacteria)
63
Typhoid vaccine routine dosing
≥6 years – 1 capsule PO every other day x 4 doses (days 0, 2, 4, & 6)
64
Rabies vaccine brand names
HDCV® Imovax Rabies®
65
Rabies vaccine mechanism
Conveys active immunity via stimulation of production of endogenously produced antibodies (Inactivated virus)
66
Contraindications for rabies vaccine
Hypersensitivity to vaccine or neomycin (preexposure prophylaxis only) – No contraindications for post-exposure
67
Pregnancy and rabies vaccine
Administer only if potential benefits outweigh potential risks
68
Routine Dosing Schedule of rabies vaccine
Administer on days 0, 7, & 21 or 28
69
Passive Immunity
* Patient given a large quantity of preformed antibodies * This does not confer long-term protection – Provides an immediate but short-term antibody response * No long lasting antibodies result
70
Hepatitis B Immune Globulin brand names
h big® Hep B Gammagee® HepaGam B® HyperHep® HyperHEP B S/D®
71
Hepatitis B Immune Globulin mechanism
Pooled human immune globulins from donors; nonpyrogenic solution that contains immunoglobulin G specific to hepatitis B surface antigen
72
Indication for Hepatitis B Immune Globulin
* Newborns Born to HBs Ag-positive Mothers * Postexposure Prophylaxis
73
Contraindications for Hepatitis B Immune Globulin
* Hypersensitivity to human globulin * Severe thrombocytopenia or coagulation disorders
74
Adverse Effects of Hepatitis B Immune Globulin
hypersensitivity rxn, anaphylaxis, hyperviscosity, thromboembolism, viral transmission risk
75
Length of Immunity for Hepatitis B Immune Globulin
3-6 months
76
Rabies Immune Globulin brand names
HyperRAB S/D® KedRab® Imogam Rabies HT®
77
Rabies Immune Globulin mechanism
Human immune globulins from donors
78
Length of Immunity for Rabies Immune Globulin
1-2 weeks
79
Tetanus Immune Globulin brand names
Hyper Tet® HyperTET S/D® TIG®
80
Length of Immunity for Tetanus Immune Globulin
2-3 weeks
81
Botulism Immune Globulin brand names
BabyBIG®
82
Botulism Immune Globulin vaccine mechanism
Derived from the plasma of adults immunized with botulinum toxoid types A & B. Provides antibodies to neutralize circulating toxins
83
Length of Immunity for Botulism Immune Globulin vaccine
~6 months

Pediatrics exam 2 (6 decks)

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