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vaccines, antibiotics and bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

How do you develop immunity?

A

You get injected with a vaccine (weak or inactive bacteria). Then the white blood cells release antibodies that distroy the pathogens(The inactive bacteria).
some white blood cells remain. the next time that bacteria enters your body, it will not have massive impacts and your body will know how to destroy it quickly. this is what is how a person develops immunity

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2
Q

Who discovered Antibiotics

A

Alexander Flemming

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3
Q

Why should you take a full course of antibiotics?

A

The deadly bacterias remain in the body’s system. Even after the person feels better. This means that if the person stops taking the antibiotics, the deadly bacteria will remain in the body and multiply. Consequently, the bacteria will become immune to every antibiotic. Making the bacteria harmful to the human

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4
Q

What do antibiotics do?

A

They break down the cell walls of the bacteria allowing water to flow in. tthe water will further break down the bacteria from the inside destroying the bacteria alltogether.

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5
Q

How can you prevent spreading bacteria?

A
  1. Wash your hands every so often
  2. Don’t share food and/or water
  3. Cover your mouth when sneezing
  4. Close the toilet lid and then flush.
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6
Q

Who discovered vacines?

A

Edward Jenner

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7
Q

Why should you not take antibiotics for colds or flus?

A

Your body could become resistant to the antibiotic, so the next time you do have a bacterial infetion the antibiotic would not be able to distroy it. Inaddition antibiotics are not for viral infections but for bacterial infections

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8
Q

What was the first antibiotic discovered

A

Peniciline

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9
Q

Chemicals produced in the body that distroys pathogens

A

Antibodies

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10
Q

Resistance to a diseas

A

immune

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11
Q

Substance containing dead or inative microorganisms

A

Vaccines

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12
Q

Medicational drugs that kill bacteria

A

Antibiotics

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13
Q

Body system responsible for fighting disease

A

Immune system

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14
Q

Method of inserting vaccines into the body

A

Immunisation

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15
Q

Microorganism that causes a disease

A

Pathogen

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16
Q

Bacteria that cannot be killed by an antibiotic is said to be r…

A

Resistant

17
Q

Change in the DNA sequence

A

Mutation

18
Q

What are detergents used for

A

To clean toilets

19
Q

What are antiseptics used for

A

To clean cuts;kills bacteria without damaging the skin

20
Q

What is sterilisation

A

Treatment that kills organisms on medical equiptment

21
Q

Explain how a vaccine works

A

The vaccine contains a dead or inactive pathogen which can immunise a person against a desease. The pathogens have antigens on the surface and the white blood cells in the body produces antibodies to fight the antigens. The immune system can then fight the pathogen if it enters the body again because the white blood cells have a memory cell which will remember the correct antibody thst kills the pathogen.

22
Q

What does antibiotics treat?

A

They treat bacterial infections. (and not viral infections)

23
Q

How can you test the resistance of a bacteria?

A

Byonly require weaker antibiotics. seeing which antibiotics work to kill the bacteria. If the bacteria is very resistant, only a strong antibiotic will be able to kill it. However, if it is a less resistant bacteria it will

24
Q

How did scientists work together to discover the structure of DNA?

A

Miss Franklin produced a photograph of DNA using X-ray diffractio. Mr Watson and Mr Crick used the photograph to produce a 3d model of the structure of the DNA

25
Q

Where do you find DNA in the body?

A

The nucleus of the cell

26
Q

What is resistance?

A

Its when a bacteria cannot be killed by antibiotics.

27
Q

What evidence was used for the discovery of DNA?

A

“photograph 51”. This was an X-ray diffraction photograph of DNA produced by Rosalind Franklin

28
Q

An advantage and disadvantage of vaccines

A
  • they can stop a person from getting a potentially deadly dises.
  • Vaccines may not always work
  • People may be scared of them.
29
Q

Name a superbug

A

MRSA. (it is a type of bacteria )

30
Q

Do antibiotics damage body cells?

A

No

31
Q

What shape does DNA make

A

a double helix

32
Q

How many stands is DNA made from?

A

2

33
Q

How many chemical bases does DNA contain?

A

4

34
Q

Advantages of captive breeding

A
  • No predators
  • medicines can be given
  • healthy population created
  • no food shortage
35
Q

Disadvantage of captive breeding

A
  • animals reintroduced into the wild may not be able to hunt
  • Animals have no choice over partner
  • Enclosures may be small
  • Genetic diversity reduced
  • Increased likely hood of genetic disease
36
Q

The evaluation of a scientist’s work by another scientist

A

Peerreview

37
Q

Section of DNA which codes for a characteristic

A

Gene

38
Q

A, T, C and G are the four DNA ____

A

Bases

39
Q

Chemical which contains all the information needed to make an organism

A

DNA

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