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Nursing > Vaccines & Corresponding Diseases > Flashcards

Vaccines & Corresponding Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

FVRCP consists of what?

A

Feline viral rhinotracheitis, feline calicivirus, feline panleukopenia

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2
Q

DA2PP consists of what?

A

Distemper, adenovirus type 2 (hepatitis), parvovirus, parainfluenza

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3
Q

What are the 4 core vaccines for horses?

A

Rabies, Tetanus, West nile virus, Eastern/Western Equine Encephalitis

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4
Q

What is feline viral rhinotracheitis?

A

aka FVR and herpes virus infection, it’s an upper respiratory infection caused by feline herpesvirus type It is species specific, and only affects domestic and wild cats of all ages. It’s the most common cause of URI and conjunctivitis.

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5
Q

What are symptoms of feline viral rhinotracheitis?

A

Sneezing, nasal congestion, conjunctivitis, excessive blinking, squinting, discharge from the eyes and nose that range from clear and watery to thick and purulent. May also cause keratitis and KCS. Also fever, lethargy, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes.

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6
Q

How is FVR contracted?

A

Direct contact with another infected cat or fomite

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7
Q

How can FVR be killed?

A

Bleach solution of 1 part bleach, 32 parts water. Soak contaminated items for 5 minutes. Blankets and toys can be washed on hot in the washer machine w/detergent. Items that can’t be bleached can be thoroughly washed with soap and hot water.

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8
Q

How is FVR diagnosed?

A

Medical history, clinical signs, PE, corneal staining for ulcers and Schirmer tear test, PCR test (doesn’t work if virus is in latent stage)

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9
Q

How is FVR treated?

A

Symptoms are treated, eye infection/ulcers are treated, antiviral ophthalmic drops, anti-viral meds like Famciclovir, supplementation of L-lysine. Antibiotics like clavamox & cyclosporine, probiotic, humidification for airway congestion, give appetite stimulant, IV fluids

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10
Q

What are the 2 vaccines ferrets need?

A

Modified live distemper and killed rabies

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11
Q

Will FVR be resolved with a vaccine?

A

No, the cat can still get FVR but will have mild case of illness.

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12
Q

What is feline calicivirus (FCV)?

A

A highly contagious virus to domestic and exotic cats that causes mild to severe respiratory infection and oral disease in cats. Most cats recover. Common in shelters and breeding colonies.

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13
Q

What are symptoms of FCV?

A

Sneezing, nasal congestion, fever, drooling, discharge from eyes and nose, inflammation and ulcers in the mouth, lethargy, mild lameness, lack of appetite, weight loss, abortion in queens, gingivitis. high fever, swelling of the head and legs, as well as crusting sores and hair loss on the nose, eyes, ears and footpads. The mouth and ears may turn yellowish from liver damage, and there may be bleeding under the skin and in the gastrointestinal tract.

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14
Q

How does FCV get spread?

A

Direct contact via saliva, nasal/eye discharge, aerosol, urine, feces, blood. Virus can be shed for 2-3 weeks, some become lifelong carriers and shed intermittently. Can be spread via humans and fomites.

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15
Q

How is FCV diagnosed?

A

PCR test, culture and sensitivity, transtreacheal wash if spread to the lungs, blood test, x-rays

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16
Q

How is FCV treated?

A

Eye meds, antibiotics for secondary infections, anti-inflammatories, immune system supplementation, humidification for congestion, appetite stimulant, IV fluids

17
Q

What is feline panleukopenia?

A

aka feline distemper, Highly contagious viral disease caused by feline parvovirus.

18
Q

What are symptoms of FP?

A

General depression, loss of appetite, high fever, lethargy, vomiting, severe diarrhea, nasal discharge, dehydration, may sit in front of water bowl but not drink much water. Can damage the eyes and brain in young cats/kittens.

19
Q

What does FP attack in the body?

A

Bone marrow, intestines, developing fetus (rapidly dividing cells), lymph nodes.

20
Q

How is FP transmitted?

A

Urine, stool, nasal secretions, fleas from infected cats, fomites. Can live in the environment for up to a year and is resistant to many disinfectants.

21
Q

How is FP diagnosed?

A

History, lack of vaccination, symptoms, low WBC count, anemia, stool (can be false positive if it had a vaccine recently)

22
Q

How is FP treated?

A

Supportive care and treating secondary bacterial infections.

23
Q

How can FP be prevented?

A

Cats that survive an infection develop immunity that likely protects them for the rest of their lives, including mild cases. It is also possible for kittens to receive temporary immunity through the transfer of antibodies in the colostrum for up to 12 weeks. Also vaccines.

24
Q

What is the vaccine schedule for dogs and cats?

A

3x, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks

25
Q

What is rabies?

A

Deadly, 100% lethal virus that attacks the nervous system.

26
Q

What are symptoms of rabies?

A

Fearfulness, aggression, excessive drooling, change of behavior (wild life become friendly, pets become mean), depression, self mutilation, light sensitivity, nocturnal animal wandering in the daytime, progressive complete paralysis.

27
Q

How is rabies diagnosed?

A

Can only be diagnosed with a necropsy of the brain. Preferably, the entire head is removed with the brain, it is refrigerated until, and while it is transported, DO NOT put in formalin, bats should be submitted whole.

28
Q

Which parts of the body contain the rabies virus?

A

Brain, spinal cord, saliva, salivary glands

29
Q

What vaccine can rabbits get?

A

RHB, Rabbit hemorrhagic disease

30
Q

What age can rabbits get vaccines?

A

5 weeks old

31
Q

What ages can foals begin to get vaccines?

A

1 month if mare is unvaccinated, 3-6 months if mare is vaccinated

32
Q

What bacteria causes tetanus? Where is it found?

A

Clostridium tetanii

Found in soil and droppings

33
Q

How does clostridium tetanii enter the body?

A

Puncture wounds, commonly through the foot or hoof, eaten or through umbilicus

34
Q

What are symptoms of tetanus?

A

Muscular stiffness and spasm, caused worse by stimulus like noise, bright light or touch. Animal can die from respiratory paralysis.

35
Q

What is used to treat tetanus?

A

Tetanus antitoxin and antibiotics like penicillin

Nursing (4 decks)

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