Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

4-Public Health > Vaccines & vaccination programs > Flashcards

Vaccines & vaccination programs Flashcards

(36 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Is there a vaccination against S. pyogenes?

Why/ why not?

A

No effective vaccines

Explanations:

  • lack of interest due to penicillin efficacy
  • too many serotypes
  • capsule: is poor immunogen
  • M protein: immune response cross reacts with human tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is there a vaccination against S.pneumoniae?

A

Yes, available and in use

  • based on capsular polysaccharides
  • active against common serotypes
  • Prevnar: 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV)
  • Prevnar 13®: 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13vPCV
  • Pneumovax 23: 23-valent Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which pathogens have live attenuated vaccines available?

A
  • Influenza (intranasal)
  • MMR
  • VZV
  • Rotavirus
  • Yellow fever
  • Small pox
  • Polio virus (Sabin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which pathogens have killed-pathogen vaccines available?

A
  • Influenza (injected)
  • HAV
  • Rabies
  • Polio (Salk)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which pathogens have subunit vaccines available?

A
  • HBV (HBsAg)
  • HPV (6, 11, 16, 18)
  • …
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which vaccines are available for H.influenzae in Canada?

A

INFANRIX hexa

  • Conjugated HiB (w tetanus toxoid)
    • DTaP + polio + HepB

PEDIACEL

  • Conjugated HiB (w tetanus toxoid)
    • DTaP + polio (no HepB)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which vaccines are available for N.meningitidis in Canada?

A

Menjugate

  • 1-valent conjugate
  • Oligosacch from group C conj to CRM197

Menactra

  • 4-valent conjugate
  • Polysaccharides from A,C,Y,W conjugated to DT protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What vaccines are available for S.pneumoniae?

A

Prevnar13 (PCV13)

  • Conjugate vaccine
  • Recomm <2y, >=65

PneumoVax23 (PPSV23)

  • Polysacch vaccine
  • Recomm >=65
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

At what ages do we vaccinate against diphtheria?

A
  • 2m
  • 4m
  • 6m
  • 18m
  • 4y
  • 15y
  • Boosters q10y
  • Pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

At what ages do we vaccinate against tetanus?

A
  • 2m
  • 4m
  • 6m
  • 18m
  • 4y
  • 15y
  • Boosters q10y
  • Pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At what ages do we vaccinate against pertussis?

A
  • 2m
  • 4m
  • 6m
  • 18m
  • 4y
  • 15y
  • Pregnancy

(No boosters, otherwise same as D+T)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At what ages do we vaccinate against polio?

A
  • 2m
  • 4m
  • 6m
  • 18m
  • 4y

(Same as early schedule for DPT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At what ages do we vaccinate against HiB?

A
  • 2m
  • 4m
  • 6m
  • 18m

(= Same Infant schedule as DTP-IPV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At what ages do we vaccinate against Hepatitis B?

A
  • 2m
  • 4m
  • 6m
  • Boosters as needed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At what ages do we vaccinate against S.pneumo?

A
  • 2m
  • 4m
  • 18m
  • >= 65y
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

At what ages do we vaccinate against N.meningitidis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 12m
  • 15y (ACYW)
17
Q

At what ages do we vaccinate against MMR?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 12m
  • 4y
  • Boosters as needed
18
Q

At what ages do we vaccinate against Rotavirus?

19
Q

At what ages do we vaccinate against VZV?

20
Q

At what ages do we vaccinate against HPV?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 12y (x2 doses)
  • 15y (x3 doses, girls only) {}
21
Q

What types of vaccines are: Diphtheria & Tetanus vaccines

22
Q

What type of vaccine is the IPV vaccine?

23
Q

What type of vaccines are: Rotavirus, MMR, VZV

Study These Flashcards
A

Live attenuated

24
Q

What kind of vaccines are: S.pneumo, N.meningitidis MenC, MenACYW, and HiB?

Why?

Study These Flashcards
A

Conjugate of bacterial polysaccharide to CRM197.

(HiB is to Tetanus toxoid)

{}

25
What kind of vaccine is: **HBV, HPV, Pertussis**
Subunit
26
Which pathogens are covered by routine childhood immunization in Canada? Starting at which ages?
Starting at 2mo: * DTaP + polio + HiB + HBV * Rotavirus * Pneumococcus (PneuC-13) Starting at 4mo: * Meningococcus (MenconC) Starting at 6mo: * Influenza Starting at 1y: * MMRV Starting at 12y (Grade 6): * HPV Starting at 15y (Grade 9): * Meningococcus (MenC-ACYW)
27
Which VPDs require **booster** shots? When?
Diphtheria & Tetanus * Td = q10y * dTap = 1 dose as an adult + 1 dose in every pregnancy As needed & if at-risk: HBV, Rubella (Influenza isn't really a booster shot, but annual/repeated vaccination is recommended)
28
Which pathogens require **adult** immunization?
**Pneumococcus** (Pneumo-P= 1 dose ~=65yo) **Shingles**, if prior VZV infection
29
Which pathogens' vaccines are **contraindicated** for those who are **immune compromised**?
Live vaccines for: * MMRV * Rotavirus * Varicella * Shingles * Influenza (but inactivated available) ... if traveling: * YFV * Cholera (but inactivated available) * S.Typhi (but inactivated available) ... if risk: * Smallpox
30
Which pathogens' vaccines will not be effective in children **\<2 years old**? ## Footnote **Why?**
**Unconjugated polysaccharide-based** vaccines are not effective in infants \<2. * E.g. Pneumococcal PSP23 vaccine for seniors, not kids. * Infants are able to mount good B cell-driven responses, but their T cell-based responses aren't fully developed until ~2yo. * In the meantime, they rely on aT cell-independent pathway. * B cells recognize whole/unprocessed polysaccharide antigens and develop a weak, short, IgM-based response. * But because Thelper cells don't help B cells switch Ab classes, it never switches to IgG (for memory). (In contrast, protein antigens are presented to CD4 T cells on MHC-II molecules. Conjugate vaccines activate both B and T cells. Immunologic memory should be lifelong.)
31
What is the difference between the different diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis vaccine formulations? {}
DTaP-IPV-Hib-HB DTaP-IPV-Hib dTap-IPV dTap Td = +/- polio, +/- HiB, +/- hepatitis B virus and = Tdap is used to boost immunity for ~10yo (lower dose of diphtheria toxoid).
32
What are the pros & cons of **live attenuated** vaccines?
PROS: * Induce both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. * No booster needed CONS: * Dangerous to immunocompromised or their close contacts. * Have reverted to virulence on rare occasion.
33
What are the pros & cons of **killed-pathogen vaccines**?
PROS: * Easier production. CONS: * Induce humoral immunity only. * Require boosters.
34
When are children routinely vaccinated for ***H.influenzae*** in Canada?
**INFANRIX hexa** * @ 2+4+6 mo **PEDIACEL** * @ 18mo
35
When are children routinely vaccinated for ***N.meningitidis*** in Canada?
**MenC** * @ 4 + 12mo **MenACYW** * @ Grade 9
36
What is the TB vaccine?
Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG): a live attenuated M.bovis strain

4-Public Health (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions