Vag A&P

Question 1

What part of the uterus is the tapering central portion?

Answer 1

Body

Question 2

What part of the uterus is the narrow portion opening into the vagina?

Answer 2

Cervix

Question 3

What is the interior body of the uterus called?

Answer 3

Uterine cavity

Question 4

What is the middle layer of the uterus and consists of smooth muscle and forms the bulk of the uterine wall?

Answer 4

Myometrium

Question 5

What is the innermost layer of the uterus?

Answer 5

Endometrium

Question 6

Which part of the uterus nourishes a growing fetus and sheds each month during menstruation if fertilization does not occur?

Answer 6

Endometrium

Question 7

What is a tubular canal that extends from the exterior of the body to the uterine cervix?

Answer 7

Vagina

Question 8

What is the receptacle for the penis during intercourse, outlet for menstrual flow and passageway for child birth?

Answer 8

Vagina

Question 9

Where is the vagina located?

Answer 9

Situated between the urinary bladder and the rectum

Question 10

A recess in the vagina that surrounds the cervix is called?

Answer 10

Fornix

Question 11

What neutralizes the acidity of the vagina and increases viability of sperm?

Answer 11

Alkaline components of semen from the seminal vesicles

Question 12

What is a thin fold of mucous membrane partially covering the vaginal orifice called?

Answer 12

Hymen

Question 13

What is the diamond shaped area between the thighs and buttocks of both males and females that contain external genitals and anus?

Answer 13

Perineum

Question 14

What refers to the external genitals of the female?

Answer 14

Vulva or pudendum

Question 15

What is an elevation of adipose tissue covered by coarse pubic hair and cushions pubic symphysis?

Answer 15

Mons pubis

Question 16

What are the 2 longitudinal folds of the mons pubis that extend down and to the back?

Answer 16

Labia majora

Question 17

What are the 2 folds of skin medial to the labia majora?

Answer 17

Labia minora

Question 18

What is a small, cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves located at the anterior junction of the labia minora?

Answer 18

Clitoris

Question 19

What are the glands in the wall of the urethra that secrete mucus and are the same embryonic tissue as the male prostate?

Answer 19

Skene glands

Question 20

What are the greater vestibular glands which produce a small amount of mucus during arousal and intercourse and are the female equivalent to males bulbourethral glands?

Answer 20

Bartholin glands

Question 21

What are modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands that produce milk?

Answer 21

Mammary glands

Question 22

Each mammary gland consists of how many lobes?

Answer 22

15-20 lobes arranged radially

Question 23

What is the ligament that supports the breast?

Answer 23

Cooper’s ligaments

Question 24

What are milk secreting glands in the smaller lobules of each lobe in the breast called?

Answer 24

Alveoli

Question 25

What hormones at puberty develop female breasts?

Answer 25

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 26

Milk production is stimulated primarily by which hormones?

Answer 26

Prolactin, with contributions from progesterone and estrogen

Question 27

Where is the hormone prolactin secreted from during lactation?

Answer 27

Anterior pituitary

Question 28

Ejection of milk stimulated from what hormone and where is the hormone released from?

Answer 28

Oxytocin, from the posterior pituitary gland

Question 29

What is the formation and development of gametes in females?

Answer 29

Oogenesis

Question 30

Hormones for the female productive cycle are secreted from where?

Answer 30

Hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and ovaries

Question 31

What is released from the hypothalamus and controls the ovarian and uterine cycles?

Answer 31

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 32

GnRH stimulates the release of what hormones and from where?

Answer 32

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland

Question 33

What hormone INITIATES follicle growth?

Answer 33

FSH

Question 34

Growing follicles secrete what hormone?

Answer 34

Estrogen

Question 35

What hormone stimulates FURTHER develops ovarian follicles and what do they begin to fully secrete?

Answer 35

LH, fully secretes estrogen

Question 36

At mid cycle, LH triggers what and promotes the formation of what?

Answer 36

Ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum

Question 37

The corpus luteum produces and excretes what hormones?

Answer 37

Estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, inhibin

Question 38

How does estrogen effect cholesterol?

Answer 38

Lowers cholesterol

Question 39

What hormones prepare and maintain the endometrium for implantation and prepare mammary glands for secretion?

Answer 39

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 40

What hormone is produced by the corpus luteum during each monthly cycle?

Answer 40

Relaxin

Question 41

Relaxin has what effect on the uterus on the uterus?

Answer 41

Relaxes the uterus by inhibiting contractions of the myometrium

Question 42

What produces more relaxin during pregnancy?

Answer 42

Placenta

Question 43

What hormone assists at the end of pregnancy by increasing flexibility of the pubic symphysis and dilate the cervix?

Answer 43

Relaxin

Question 44

What is secreted by growing follicles and by the corpus luteum after ovulation?

Answer 44

Inhibin

Question 45

Inhibin inhibits the secretion of what hormones?

Answer 45

FSH and to a lesser extent LH

Question 46

What is the duration of the female reproductive cycle?

Answer 46

24-36 days

Question 47

What are the 4 phases of the female reproductive cycle?

Answer 47

Menstruation, pre ovulatory, ovulation, ovulation, post ovulation

Question 48

How long is the menstrual phase?

Answer 48

5 days

Question 49

What marks the beginning of a new cycle?

Answer 49

First day of menses

Question 50

What is occurring in the ovaries during menstruation?

Answer 50

Ovarian follicles grow and enlarge

Question 51

How much menstrual flow from the uterus is expected during menstruation?

Answer 51

50-150ml

Question 52

What declining levels hormones cause the endometrium to slough off?

Answer 52

Declining levels of estrogen and progesterone

Question 53

What phase is the most varied in the cycle and how long does it last?

Answer 53

Pre ovulatory phase, 6-13 days

Question 54

What is occurring in the ovaries by day 6 of pre ovulatory phase?

Answer 54

Single follicle in one of the ovaries has outgrown the others

Question 55

What is secreted by the dominant follicle during the pre ovulatory phase?

Answer 55

Estrogen and inhibin

Question 56

During pre-ovulatory phase, why do less developed follicles begin to stop growing and die?

Answer 56

Increased estrogen and inhibin decrease FSH

Question 57

What does the dominant follicle become in the pre ovulatory phase?

Answer 57

Mature (graafian) follicle

Question 58

During maturation of the graafian follicle, what hormone increases in production?

Answer 58

Estrogen under the influence of increasing LH

Question 59

What are the menstrual and pre-ovulatory phases called?

Answer 59

Follicular phase

Question 60

What is occurring in the uterus during the pre-ovulatory phase?

Answer 60

Repair of the endometrium

Question 61

What hormone allows for the repair of the endometrium in the pre-ovulatory phase?

Answer 61

Estrogen

Question 62

What phase of the female reproductive cycle does the rupture of the mature (graafian) follicle and release of the secondary oocyte into the pelvic cavity occur?

Answer 62

Ovulation

Question 63

When does ovulation occur?

Answer 63

Day 14 of the 28 day cycle

Question 64

High levels of estrogen from the pre ovulatory phase stimulates which structures to release which hormones?

Answer 64

GnRH from the hypothalamus LH from the anterior pituitary

Question 65

GnRH promotes the release of which hormone during ovulation?

Answer 65

Release of more LH

Question 66

What does the increase in LH during ovulation do?

Answer 66

Causes rupture of the mature (graafian) follicle and expulsion of secondary oocyte

Question 67

How long is the post ovulatory phase?

Answer 67

14 days, from day 15-28

Question 68

What occurs in the ovaries during the post ovulatory phase if the oocyte is not fertilized?

Answer 68

Corpus luteum degenerates into a corpus albicans after 2 weeks

Question 69

During post ovulatory phase, if the oocyte is not fertilized, declining levels of progesterone, estrogen and inhibin decline resulting in what?

Answer 69

Release of GnRH, FSH, LH and follicular growth resumes

Question 70

If the oocyte is fertilized, what occurs in the ovaries?

Answer 70

Corpus luteum is rescued by hCG

Question 71

When does hCG begin to be produced by the embryo?

Answer 71

About 8 days after fertilization