VAGUS NERVE (X)-THE LARYNX

Question 1

The larynx extends from the … to the …

Answer 1

SUPERIOR MARGIN OF THE EPIGLOTTIS, C6 (CRICOID CARTILAGE)

Question 2

The origin of the laryngeal inlet/orifice and the laryngeal mucosa is the…

Answer 2

RESPIRATORY DIVERTICULUM

Question 3

The … is an evagination of the endoderm of the GI tract

Answer 3

MUCOSA OF THE LARYNX

Question 4

CNCCs of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6 will give rise to the … of the larynx

Answer 4

CARTILAGE

Question 5

Somitomeres in arches 4 and 6 will give rise to the … which will move the larynx

Answer 5

SKELETAL MUSCLE
(As the vagus nerve is related to this musculature, it innervates it).

Question 6

Answer 6

LARYNGEAL INLET

Question 7

Answer 7

1. Epiglottis
   2.Hyoid bone
2. Thyrohyoid membrane
3. Thyroid cartilage
4. Cricoid cartilage

Question 8

What form the Adam’s Apple (la nuez)?

Answer 8

The laryngeal prominence

Question 9

The epiglottis is derived from the … PA

Answer 9

4th

Question 10

Name the following cartilages of the larynx

Answer 10

Question 11

The arytenoid cartilages are derived from the … PA

Answer 11

6th

Question 12

The arytenoid cartilages have … for the vocal ligaments to attach and … for the vocal is muscle to attach

Answer 12

VOCAL PROCESSES, MUSCULAR PROCESSES

Question 13

Name the extrinsic ligaments of the larynx

Answer 13

Question 14

Name the intrinsic ligaments of the larynx

Answer 14

Question 15

The… attaches to the vestibular fossa and forms the FALSE VOCAL CORDS
The … form the TRUE VOCAL CORDS

Answer 15

Vestibular ligaments
Vocal ligaments

Question 16

Ligaments lined by mucosa are known as…

Answer 16

FOLDS

Question 17

Which two joints do we find in the larynx?

Answer 17

• CRICOTHYROID JOINT (synovial joint-arthrodia): the thyroid cartilage is moved forward and the vocal ligament stretches.
• CRYCOARYTENOID JOINT (synovial joint-modified trochoid joint which rotates): arytenoid cartilages rotate and the space between the two vocal ligaments (RIMA GLOTTIDIS) opens and closes.

Question 18

Name the muscle and its function

Answer 18

CRYCOTHIROID MUSCLE: it moves the thyroid over the cricoid cartilage (it increases the tension of the vocal cords=higher pitch)

Question 19

Name the muscles and their functions

Answer 19

1. Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle: opens (abducts) the rima glottidis
2. Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle: closes (adducts) rima glottidis
3. Transverse arytenoid muscle: closes rima glottidis
4. Thyroarytenoid muscle: relaxes the vocal cords
5. Vocalists muscle: relaxes the vocal cords

Question 20

Which muscles modify the diameters of the laryngeal inlet and vestibule?

Answer 20

Oblique arytenoid (1), aryepiglottic (2) and thyroepiglottic (3)

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Answer 23

Question 24

Extrinsic muscles larynx

Answer 24

Question 25

In deglutition, the … moves posteriorly and inferiorly, sealing the entry; the … will close and cover the vocal folds.

Answer 25

EPIGLOTTIS, VESTIBULAR FOLDS

Question 26

The vagus nerve exits through the … along with the CN IX and XI.

Answer 26

JUGULAR FORAMEN

Question 27

The vagus nerve gives off the … which is mainly sensitive and has 2 branches: - … which gathers sensory information about the mucosa of the laryngeal vestibule. - …. which is a motor branch that only innervates the CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE.

Answer 27

SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE - INTERNAL LARYNGEAL NERVE - EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL NERVE

Question 28

When the … is sectioned during surgery, there is paralysis of the vocal cords and disphonia.

Answer 28

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 29

The …. carries … that innervate the rest of all the laryngeal muscles and also carries….for the infraglottic space.

Answer 29

RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE, MOTOR FIBERS, SENSORY FIBERS.

Question 30

If a person gets something stuck in the mucosa of the pharynx and it is in the … the surgeon needs to be careful and remember that behind there is the…

Answer 30

PIRIFORM RECESS, LARYNGEAL NERVE

Question 31

Vascularization of the larynx

Answer 31

1. Superior laryngeal artery 2. Inferior laryngeal artery

Question 32

The … pierces the thyrohyoid membrane along with the internal laryngeal nerve.

Answer 32

SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL ARTERY

Question 33

Answer 33

1. Cricothyrotomy 2. Tracheostomy

Question 34

The larynx is a fibromembranous tube within a cartilaginous frame connected with the naso- and oropharynx. It has an sphincter that closes the airway for phonation, the vocal cords. Opening and closing depends on the …

Answer 34

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 35

An emergency airway can be opened when a laryngeal obstruction occurs through the cricothyroid ligament, or through the tracheal ligaments between tracheal rings ….

Answer 35

1 to 4

Question 36

The muscle that contributes the most to the position of the vocal cords during breathing is ...

Answer 36

posterior cricoarytenoid m

Question 37

The larynx extends approximately from the vertebral level C3 to C6 (T/F)

Answer 37

True

Question 38

The vocal ligaments are thickenings of the free margin of the ...

Answer 38

cricothyroid or cricovocal membrane

Question 39

The infrahyoid muscles derive from the 4th & 6th pharyngeal arches and are innervated by the ansa cervicalis (T/F)

Answer 39

False

Question 40

The vestibular folds are the true vocal cords (T/F)

Answer 40

False

Question 41

Indicate the INCORRECT statement regarding the superior laryngeal pedicle (artery, vein and nerve): - it provides sensory innervation to the laryngeal vestibule - The artery is a branch of the inferior thyroid artery - all elements pass through a foramen in the thyrohyoid membrane towards the larynx - it courses deep to the mucosa of the pirifo

Answer 41

The artery is a branch of the inferior thyroid artery

Question 42

The structure located between A and B is the

Question 43

Identify each of the structures labeled in the image below:

Answer 43

A. Laryngeal vestibule B. Vestibular fold C. Vocal fold D. Epiglottis E. Thyroid cartilage F. Cricoid cartilage

Question 44

The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates the ... muscle

Answer 44

cricothyroid

Question 45

Which nerve is responsible for opening and closing the rima glottidis?

Answer 45

recurrent laryngeal n

Question 46

Which of the following muscles does not act modifying the diameters of the laryngeal vestibule?

Answer 46

lateral cricoarytenoid

Question 47

Identify the area pointed at by the arrows

Answer 47

laryngopharynx