Vajiram Yellow - 10 Flashcards
Himalayas, Himalayan Rivers, Plateaus (161 cards)
1
Q
What body of water was closed through the formation of the Himalayas
A
Tethys Sea
2
Q
Length of the HImalayas
A
2400 km
3
Q
What’s a syntaxial bend?
A
Sharp bends at the eastern and western extremes of the HImalayas causing the mountain ranges to sharply change direction
4
Q
What are the zones of the Himalayas
A
- Siwalik Zone
- Lesser Himalayas or Himachal
- Greater Himalayas or Himadri
- Trans-Himalayas
5
Q
Average elevation of Siwalik zone
A
1500 m
6
Q
What is the outermost zone of the Himalayas called
A
Siwalik
7
Q
What separates the Siwaliks from the Lesser Himalayas
A
Group of fractures called the Main Boundary Fault
8
Q
What are the siwaliks called in J&K and Daffla
A
Jammu hills
9
Q
What are the Siwaliks called in the Northeast
A
Miri Mishmi
10
Q
What’s the average elevation of the Lesser Himalayas
A
3,000 m
11
Q
Are the Siwaliks a continuous or discontinous range
A
Continuous
12
Q
Are the Himachal a continuous or discontinuous range
A
Discontinuous
13
Q
What are the Doons
A
Valleys filled with sediments that occur along the junction of the Himachals and the Himadri
14
Q
Name 3 prominent ranges of the Himachal Zone
A
- Pir Panjal
- Dhauladhar
- Mussoorie
15
Q
Name the prominent valleys of the Himachal
A
- Kulu
- Kangra Lahul
- Spiti
16
Q
What is the middle zone of the Himalayas called
A
Lesser Himalayas or Himachal
17
Q
What is the inner zone of the Himalayas called
A
Greater Himalayas or Himachal
18
Q
What separates the Himadri from the Himachals
A
Main Central Thrust
19
Q
What’s the average elevation of the Greater Himalayas
A
6100 m
20
Q
The Himadri have ___ out of ___ total highest / tallest peaks of the world
A
24, 28
21
Q
What are the 4 prominent peaks of the Greater Himalayas
A
- Mt. Everest
- Everest South Peak
- Kanchenjunga I
- Lhotse I
22
Q
Prominent passes in the Himadri
A
- Zoji La
- Shipki Pass
- Liphu Lekh Pass
23
Q
In which state is the Zoji La pass located
A
Kashmir
24
Q
In which state is the Shipki pass located
A
Shipki
25
In which state is the Liphu Lekh pass located
Uttarakhand
26
Some prominent glaciers of the Greater Himalayas
1. Zemu
2. Gangotri
3. Kanchenjunga
27
What are the Trans Himalayas
Zone of the Himalayas which lie north of the Greater Himalayas
28
What are the mountain ranges of the Trans Himalayas zone
1. Karakoram Range
2. Ladakh range
3. Zaskar range
29
Which is the largest non-polar glacier in the world
Siachen glacier
30
Where is the Siachen glacier located
Karakoram Range
31
Which is the highest mountain peak in India
Ladakh Plateau in the Ladakh Range
32
What's the geographical feature that joins the Indian and Eurasian plates called
Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone
33
Where is the Indus-Tsangpo Suture Zone located
Northern Trans Himalayas
34
Why do folded mountain belts form?
Folded mountain belts form due to compression of the earth's crust by the movement of lithospheric plates
35
True or False: The Himalayas are a folded mountain belt
True
36
The Himalayas were formed as the result of convergence of which tectonic plates
Eurasian and Indian plates
37
How many times did the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates collide
5
38
Which part of the Himalayas were formed in the last phase of the collision?
The Siwalik Ranges
39
True or False: The Himalayan Ranges will continue to increase in height
True
40
The Himalayas are responsible for splitting the ___ into 2, thus creating the monsoons
jet streams
41
What are jet streams?
Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow air currents in the Earth's atmosphere.
42
True or false: The Himalayas give the subcontinent a tropical climate
True (?)
| The Himalayas give india a temperate climate despite being in tropical
43
How do the Himalayas give the subcontinent a tropical climate
1. By insulating the subcontinent from the cold winds that originate in Siberia and Manchuria, which could bring temperate climactic conditions
2. The landmass heats up in summer, and the Himalayas keeps the heat in and the cold winds out.
44
Importance of the Himalayas
1. Birthplace of the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra systems
2. Rich reserves of subtropical and temperate timber
3. Rich in minerals like gypsum, limestone, and good quality phosphates
4. One of 12 major biodiversity zones of hte world
5. Exotic sites for recreation and tourism
6. Maintain regional hydrological and ecological balance
7. Prevent northward migration of the monsoons
8. Prevent cold Siberian winds in winter
9. Natural defensive border to the North and North East
45
Which area of the Himalayan range is rich in minerals like gypsum, limestone and phosphates
Siwaliks
46
The Siwaliks are rich in what minerals
1. Gypsum
2. Limestone
3. Good quality phosphates
47
What are the core agricultural regions of India
the Indo-gangetic plains
48
Role of the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra systems
1. Creating the fertile agricultural area of Indo-Gangetic doab
2. Water for agricultural irrigation and municipal needs
49
Himalayas have rich reserves of what species of timber
Subtropical and temperate
50
How many major biodiversity rich zones have been identified in the world ?
12
51
True or False: The Himalayas are one of the 12 major biodiversity rich zones in the world
True
52
Which are the Great Plains of India
1. Indus Plains
2. Ganga Plains
3. Brahmaputra plains
4. Rajasthan Plains
| Corresponding to the Himalayan river systems
53
What area is covered by the Great Plains of india
7.5 lakh sq kms
54
True or False: The Thar Plains are formed through deposit of alluvial sediment from rivers
False
55
True or False: The Rann of Kutch was not formed through deposit of alluvial sediment from rivers
True
56
True or False: The Great Plains are widest in the east and narrow towards the west
False
| Widest in the West (Punjab-Rajasthan stretch)
57
What is known as the Indo Gangetic Divide
The Delhi Ridge of the Aravallis
58
Why is the Delhi Ridge of the Aravallis known as the Indo Gangetic divide?
It divides the Indus from the Brahmaputra plains
59
The Punjab-Haryana plains are made up of the floodplains and alluvial plains of which Rivers?
1. Ravi
2. Beas
3. Sutlej
60
The Thar plains are a part of which section of the Great Plains?
Rajasthan Plains
61
How have the Great plains been created
Primarily through alluvial sediment deposition of the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers
62
Important sections of the Great Plains
1. Punjab-Haryana Plain
2. Rajasthan Plain
3. Rann of Kutch
4. Ganga plain
5. Brahmaputra plain
63
Nature of the Punjab-Haryana plains
Flood and alluvial plains of the Ravi, Beas and Sutlej rivers
64
Which rivers have created the Punjab-Haryana plains
1. Ravi
2. Beas
3. Sutlej
65
What are the *Khadar* plains
- Part of the Punjab-Haryana plains
- Plains involving newer alluvium
- Also known as the *Bets*
- Lowlands compared to the *Bhangar*
66
What are the *Chos*
Parts of Punjab plains that feature gullies and ravines
67
Important sections of the Rajasthan plains
1. Thar plains
2. Rann of Kutch
68
What are the Thar plains
- Part of the Rajasthan plains
- Can be divided into *Marusthali* plains, *Bagar* and *Rohi*
69
What are the *Marusthali* plains
Arid portion of the Thar plains
70
What is the *Bagar*
Steppes left of the aravallis
71
What is the *Rohi*
Narrow stretch of fertile plain in the Aravalli foothills
72
How are the Thar plains and Rann of Kutch created?
They were originally part of the Arabian Sea floor, and uplifted during the Pleistocene epoch
73
True or False: The Rajasthan plains are created from alluvium deposition
False
They are uplifted sea floor portions filled with sediment
74
True or False: The Rajasthan plains have always been desert
False
They were originally swampy/ marshy
75
How did the desertification of the Rajasthan plains occur
1. Influence of the subtropical high pressure belt
2. Lack of monsoon - the Aravallis aren't high enough to obstruct the monsoon and create rain
76
What is a "Rann"
Temporary saline lakes within the Thar plains and the Bagar
77
Most important river draining the Thar plains
Lumi
78
The Rann of Kutch can be divided into
1. Great Rann
2. Little Rann
79
How was the Rann of Kutch formed
Filling of an arm of the Arabian Sea with sand and silt deposit
80
True or False: The Great Rann remains desertified throughout the year
FALSE
It becomes swampy during monsoon
81
Which plains take up the greatest portion of the Great Plains by area
Ganga Plains
82
The Ganga plains can be dicided into
1. Upper Ganga Plain
2. Middle Ganga plain
3. Lower Ganga plain
83
Where is the Upper Ganga plain located
Between Yamuna and Allahabad
84
What are the significant portions of the Upper Ganga plain
1. Ganga-Yamuna doab
2. Rohilkhand plain
3. Avadh Plain
85
Northern parts of the Upper Ganga plains can be divided into
1. Bhabhar zone
2. Terai zone
86
What is the *Bhabar*
Piedmont plain made up of coarse sediments
87
What is the *Terai*
Marshy, swampy lowland south of the Bhabar, made up of finer sediments
88
Southern parts of the Upper Ganga plains can be divided into
1. *Bhangar* plains
2. *Khadar* plains
89
What is the *Bhangar*
Plains made up of older alluvial deposits, occuring on relatively higher land
90
Which are the important rivers draining the upper Ganga plains
1. Yamuna
2. Ghaghara
3. Ramganga
91
What areas fall under the Middle Ganga plains
Eastern UP
Northern Bihar
92
Significant portions of the Middle Ganga plains
1. Ganga-Ghaghara doab
2. Mithila plains
3. Kosi plains
4. Magadh plains
5. Anga plains
93
What are the *Caur*
Long line of marshes located in the northern fringes of the Middle Ganga plains of Bihar
94
What areas fall under the Lower Ganga plains
Primarily W. Bengal
95
Significant portions of the Lower Ganga plains
1. Ganga delta
2. Barind plains
3. Teesta plains
4. Rarh Plains
5. Sunderbans delta
96
Where are the *Barind* plains located
Northern W. Bengal
97
Where are the *Teesta* plains located
Central to northern W. Bengal
98
Where are the *Rarh* plains located
Western parts of southern W. Bengal
99
Where are the Brahmaputra plains located
Assam
100
What is the significant feature of the Brahmaputra plains
Series of river terraces (series of floodplains located at different elevations)
101
The western coastal plains extend for how much distance
1400 km
102
The WCP extend between what areas
Diu and Kanyakumari
103
Longitudinal extent of the WCP
8°N - 20°N
104
Average width of the WCP
25-50 km
105
The WCP are widest in the ____ stretch
Konkan
106
True or False: The Konkan coast is a submerged coast
True
107
What is a submerged coast
One that features submerged forests and drowned rivers
108
The WCP consists of which plains
1. Konkan coast
2. Kanara coast
3. Malabar coast
109
True or False: The Malabar coast is a submerged coast
FALSE.
Emerged
110
True or False: The Kanara Coast is an emerged coast
FALSE
Submerged
111
The WCP is narrowest at which section
Kanara coast
112
What are the *Teris* of the WCP
Series of sand dunes in the Malabar coastal plain that give rise to *kayals* (backwaters)
113
What are *kayals*
Backwaters of Kerala, rising from the sand dunes in the malabar coastal plain
114
True or False: The Western Coastal Plain features numerous deltas
FALSE
The WCP lacks deltas
115
Length of the Eastern Coastal Plains
1100 km
116
Longitudinal extent of the ECP
8°N - 21°N
117
The ECP consists of which plains
1. Coromandel coastal plain
2. Utkal plains
3. Andhra Plains
4. Madras Coastal plains
118
Is the Coromandel coast an emerged or submerged plain?
Emerged
119
Name of the eastern coastal plains off Orissa
Utkal plain
120
Largest Indian saline lake
Lake Chilka
121
Lake Chilka is found in which plains
Utkal plain, Eastern Coastal Plains
122
Name of the eastern coastal plains off Andhra
Andhra Plains
123
Widest part of Eastern Coastal plains
Andhra Plains
124
Significance of Lake Kolleru
2nd largest freshwater lake in India
125
Where is Lake Kolleru located
Andhra Plains
126
Name of the eastern coastal plains off Tamil Nadu
Madras coastal plains
127
Prominent lake in Madras coastal plains
Lake Pulicat
128
True or False: Western coastal plains are wider than eastern coastal plains
False
Eastern coastal plains are wider
129
Deltas in the eastern coastal plains are from which river systems
1. Mahanadi
2. Cauvery
3. Krishna-Godavari
130
What does "trap" in "Deccan trap" refer to
The stepped surface of the Deccan plateau, created by lava flows of variable speed eventually cooling
131
Largest Indian plateau
Deccan plateau
132
Geographical extent of the Deccan plateau
1. Almost entirety of Maharashtra
2. Malwa
3. Northern parts of Mysore
4. Telengana plateaus
5. Kathiawar peninsula
133
What are the northern Western ghats called
Sahyadris
134
The ____ form the edge of the Deccan plateau
Sahyadris (Northern W. Ghats)
135
The Deccan plateau is structurally composed of hundreds of individual layers of ____
Solidified lava
136
The Deccan Plateau slopes towards ____
The east
137
Why was lava deposited in layers at the Deccan plateau
The lava poured out of **linear fissures**
138
The Deccan plateau features what kind of soil
black soil
139
The black soil of the Deccan plateau is derived from what kind of rock
Basaltic
140
The northern Western Ghats are broken by which passes
1. Bhor Ghat
2. Thal Ghat
141
Highest peak of the Sahyadris (Northern W. Ghats)
Vavulmara
142
Mahabaleshwar is a prominent peak of which range
Sahyadris (Northern W. Ghats)
143
Kalsubai is a prominent peak of which range
Sahyadris (Northern W. Ghats)
144
Salher is a prominent peak of which range
Sahyadris (Northern W. Ghats)
145
What geographical areas are covered by the Chhotanagpur Plateau
1. Jharkhand
2. W. Bengal
3. Orissa
4. Chattisgarh
146
What geographical feature lies to the east of the Chotanagpur Plateau
Rajmahal hills
147
What geographical feature lies to the west of the Chotanagpur Plateau
Maikala Ranges
148
What is a continental plateau
Continental plateaus are bordered on all sides by plains or oceans, forming away from the mountains
149
Types of plateaus
1. Intermontane
2. Lava plateau
3. Continental plateau
150
What type of plateau is Deccan plateau
Lava plateau
151
What type of plateau is Chotanagpur plateau
Continental plateau
152
What kind of rocks make up the Chotanagpur plateau
Old igneous (**granitic**) and metamorphic rocks
153
What are *patlands*
Smaller plateau like features that appear on a larger plateau
154
Which Indian plateau features *patlands*
Chotanagpur plateau
155
Which are the *patlands* of Chotanagpur plateau
1. Hazaribagh plateau
2. Koderma plateau
3. Ranchi plateau
156
Highest hills of Chotanagpur plateau
Parasavanath hills
157
Soil appearing on Chotanagpur plateau
Red soil from granitic rocks
158
Principal rivers of the Chotanagpur plateau
1. Damodar
2. Suvarnarekha
159
Forests of Chotanagpur plateau
Deciduous - sal and teak
160
Richest mineralized zone for metallic deposits in India
Chotanagpur plateau
161
Greatest coal deposits in India
Chhotanagpur Plateau
