Value-Added Pharmacy Services- Bonner

Question 1

Types of value-added services provided by pharmacists fall what between two ends of a continuum?

Answer 1

Narrow and Comprehensive

Question 2

Narrow:Point of Care AS Comprehensive: ?

Answer 2

Case management

Question 3

What is the “middle of the road” considered?

Answer 3

Wellness/health promotion

- located between the Narrow and comprehensive ends of the continuum

Question 4

Name the 6 steps in the process of providing Value-Added services.

Answer 4

• Collect pertinent PATIENT DATA
• EVALUATE/assess patient data
• Identify PROBLEM
• Implement PLAN
• FOLLOW-UP as needed
• DOCUMENT activities

Question 5

What part of the process focuses on building the foundation?

Answer 5

Data Collection

Question 6

The AMOUNT and TYPE of INFO needed for data collection is dependent upon what?

Answer 6

The type of service offered

Question 7

________ involves ASSESSMENT, IDENTIFICATION and RESOLUTION of drug therapy problems, DEVELOPMENT of a care plan, and FOLLOW-UP.

Answer 7

Medication Management Services

Question 8

T/F?

Protocols need to be evidence-based and supported by GUIDELINES and PRIMARY literature.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What may be developed to guide RPh’s Therapeutic decisions AND may be SPECIFIC or GENERAL?

Answer 9

Protocols for Medication Management Services

Question 10

T/F?

Patient education is a component of ALL valued-added pharmacy service.

Answer 10

True

Depth of education depends on service

Question 11

Patient education materials are used to reinforce ______?

Answer 11

the message

Question 12

When assessing the literacy level of the patient what 2 things should be taken into account?

Answer 12

• Patients UNDERSTANDING of English

- The patient’s GENERAL ability to READ and WRITE

Question 13

Patient Education (3)

Answer 13

• Patient brochures, fliers, videos
• Assess literacy level of patient
• AVOID the use of “technical” terms

Question 14

Name the 4 OUTCOME measures (CHEK)

Answer 14

• Clinical
• Humanistic
• Economic
• Knowledge

Question 15

Which outcome measurement is MOST readily available (easiest to measure)?

Answer 15

Clinical

Question 16

Which outcome measurement is incorporated into SERVICE DELIVERY?

Answer 16

Humanistic (patients quality of life)

Question 17

Which outcome measurement deals with CLAIMS database search?

Answer 17

Economic

Question 18

Which outcome measurement is an assessment that needs to be provided before and after service is provided?

Answer 18

Knowledge

Question 19

What should be created to provide an organized approach to service delivery?

Answer 19

Manual (required by CMS)

Question 20

What 8 things should a manual include?

Answer 20

-PURPOSE of the service
-PATIENT ELIGIBILITY
-How patients will be EVALUATED
-What HAPPENS during each visit
-Outlines DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED
-COPIES of all patient
-ASSESSMENT FORMS
-EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS
Keep copies of primary literature
-PROTOCOLS

Question 21

Where should a manual be kept?

Answer 21

In the pharmacy in an easily accessible place.

Question 22

What should be achieved by a pharmacist BEFORE the start of service?

Answer 22

Proficiency

- May require sufficient practice and demonstration of competence before working with patients

Question 23

T/F?

Education and training is key to success.

Answer 23

True

• Pharmacist training
• Time needed to train and depth of training may vary

Question 24

When must marketing plan be implemented?

Answer 24

when the service is ready to be offered

Question 25

What 5 things must pharmacist manage?

Answer 25

- Product/ Service - Price - Place - Promotion - Positioning

Question 26

What are 3 strategies for ongoing monitoring?

Answer 26

- Staff meetings - Patient/provider feedback - Outcomes of the services to the practice

Question 27

T/F? | Staff meetings are Important during implementation and should occur throughout the LIFE of the service/

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What type of questions should be asked for patient/provider feedback?

Answer 28

OPEN-ended quesions

Question 29

What is a strategy that RPh’s can use to integrate their value-added services with prescribers?

Answer 29

Collaborative Practice Agreements

Question 30

Collaborative Practice Agreements require what?

Answer 30

regular communication and interaction with other providers (built upon trust, reputation, and network)

Question 31

Collaborative Practice Agreements (2)

Answer 31

- Spell out the responsibilities of each provider and the acceptance of mutually agreed-on drug therapy management protocols - Developed over time

Question 32

T/F? | Legal requirements for CPAs are outlined in states’ Pharmacy Practice agreements.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

4 stage-process development of collaborative working relationships

Answer 33

Stage 1-Professional recognition Stage 2-Exploration and trial Stage 3- Professional relationship expansion Stage 4-Full collaborative working relationship

Question 34

What does adequate compensation for value-added services ensures what?

Answer 34

a service is economically viable and sustainable

Question 35

Compensation (4)

Answer 35

- Pharmacy costs - Pricing - Competitor charges - Willingness to pay

Question 36

Name the 3 profitability strategies for compensation?

Answer 36

- Time efficiency - pharmacist knowledge - the use of technicians for technical tasks

Question 37

Name the 3 types of PRICING.

Answer 37

- Fee-for-Service: - Resource-based relative-value scale - Capitation

Question 38

When considering pharmacy costs you must determine what 2 types of cost?

Answer 38

- fixed | - variable

Question 39

T/F? | Pharmacy value-added services can improve patient outcomes

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Collection of objective lab data may be warranted: (2)

Answer 40

- local laboratories | - point of care

Question 41

Point of care services (5)

Answer 41

- Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) - Ensures labs meet quality standards - CLIA-waived tests - Certificate of Waiver (COW) - OSHA and blood-borne pathogens control plan

Question 42

How is data collected?What is collected?

Answer 42

- via paper or electronically | - demographics, medical history, family/social history, authorization to release medical history

Question 43

CLIA is administered by?

Answer 43

CMS

Question 44

How often does COW have to be renewed?

Answer 44

every 2 years

Question 45

T/F CLIA waived test MAY be mobile or for a specific location

Answer 45

TRUE (depends on what you check off on the application)

Question 46

Collaborative Practice Agreement: | Stage 0

Answer 46

professional awareness

Question 47

``` Collaborative Practice Agreement: Stage 1 (Professional recognition) ```

Answer 47

Networking by meeting w/ MDs

Question 48

``` Collaborative Practice Agreement: Stage 2 (Exploration and trial) ```

Answer 48

You are able to have conversations about the VALUE of the services that you can provide to the patients

Question 49

``` Collaborative Practice Agreement: Stage 3 (professional relationship expansion) ```

Answer 49

Providing regular communication back to physicians and provide them with CLINICAL data

Question 50

``` Collaborative Practice Agreement: Stage 4 (full collaborative working relationship) ```

Answer 50

earned over time and is NOT a RIGHT

Question 51

Fee for Service (4)

Answer 51

- Traditional - Charge specific rate for a service we provide - Focus of the payment that is DIRECTLY related to the action of the provider - Not necessarily fulfilling the patients needs

Question 52

Resource based relative value scale

Answer 52

payment related to the LEVEL of service provided

Question 53

Capitation

Answer 53

Service provided for a FIXED fee; typically depends on the number of patients