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Valvular Heart D > Valvular Heart D > Flashcards

Valvular Heart D Flashcards

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1
Q

After Balloonig surgery for mMitral valve, what is the best way to calculated MVA?

A

Planimetry

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2
Q

Stages of Valvular Heart Disease?

A

Stage A= at risk
Stage B= Progressive
Stage C= Asymptomatic Severe
Stage D= Symptomatic Severe

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3
Q

what is this? wnad where we see it?

A

Late systolic MR.
Hammocking Sign

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4
Q

Antegrade Flow
Back Flow jet

A

Antegrade flow: Two normal flow seen in patient with Prostetic bileafelt valve

Back Flow jet: Two normal Regurgitation flow back

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5
Q

DX

A

Bioprosthetic Valve.

There’s not reverberation or shadowing

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6
Q

Atrial Dilatation will lead to?

A

Trumbus and Atrial Fibrillation

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7
Q

Image compatible with?

A

TR.
Systolic flow reversal (s wave is retrograde means above base line and it should be bellow baseline anterograde)

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8
Q

DX

A

Cut of sign in Acute mitral regurgitation

It’s the opposited to dagger signal from Dinamic obstruction

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9
Q

Differeces Between Pannus and Thrombus?

A

Pannus is groing tissue (chronic), surgically removed

Trambus is acute and can be treated with Fibrinolysis

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10
Q

Minor criteria for I endocarditis (duke critireas)

A

-Fevere> 38
-Vacular phenomena
-Inmunologic phenomena
-Evidence of active infection
-Predisposing heart condition or inejction od grugs

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11
Q

most commun Bioprosthetiv Valve?

A

Stented xenograph

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12
Q

What can we see in patient with Mitral Stenosis, 2D and Color?

A

L shape or Hockey Stick
Fish mouth
Domming in Diastole
La enlargment

Color
Candle Flame

M- Mode
Thick Mitral Leaflet
Decrease of E - F slope
Pulling of the posterior leaflet up by the anterior leaflet

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13
Q

DX?

A

Mitral Stenosis

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14
Q

Does the HR affects Mitral valve Area?

A

YES, good HR <80 (faster HR, Pessure Gradiant increase)]j
MV depends of Preload

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15
Q

Perivalvular complication of endocarditis?

A

Abscess
fistula
Mycotic Aneurysm

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16
Q

2D and M-mode of Bicuspid Aortic V.

A

Systolic and Diastolic Duming (charactristic of Bicuspid V)
Eccentric line in diastolic (M-Mode)

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17
Q

what is a systemic Valve

A

Sistemy Valve is the one that is providing Oxigenited blood for Ejemplo MV

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18
Q

when Calculating the EOR by PISA method from where do you take the alising velocity?

A

The lowest

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19
Q

Which Orifice area is smaller: FOR or AOR

A

FOR or Cross-sectional orifice Area

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20
Q

Which Orifice Area is Evaluagted by Echo?

A

FOA

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21
Q

diagnosis, and explination

A

Mitral stenosis, Cause by comisural fusion of the two leafles (comun see it in Rehumatic MS)

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22
Q

Maximun gradiant is always higert than Peak to Peak gradiant? True or False

A

True

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23
Q

Ingroing tissue from the sewing ring in a PHV, that has to be surgical removed.

A

Pannus

Pannus is chronic

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24
Q

Paradoxical Low Flow, low Gradiant

A

AVA < 1 or < 0,6cm2
Pressure Gradiant < 40mmhg
EF > 50%
SV <35 ml

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25
The leaflet body displaces into the LA, the leaflet tips stay at annular level or above into LV
Billowing
26
DX
Bbileaflet prothetic valve. and vegetation
27
Does the PHV mechanical patient, requires lifelong anticoagulation?
Yes, mechanical valve requires Lifelong antocoagulation
28
In Prosthetic Valve. more than one closing or openin click, indicates:
Rocking Valve means, the valve is moving and it's not totally place correctly
29
Systolic Flow reversal in pumonary veins, Means?
Severe Mitral Regurg S reversal
30
Congenital Disease where the separation between MV and TV is more than 1cm
Ebstein's Anomaly
31
Low Flow, High Gradiat
AVA < 1 or < 0,6cm2 Pressure Gradiant > 40mmhg EF < 50%
32
Most common cause of MR?
Myxomatous degenerative. Causes: Valve porlapse and Flail
33
Local complication of Infected endocarditis?
Local valvular tissue Destruction: Deformation Perforation that will lead to Regurgitation
34
The valves are named base on the Ventricle LV= MV RV=TV
true
35
the trycuspic Valve Vegetations in most common in:
Drug Abuse patient
36
DX
Methalic prosthetic valve You can see the click
37
most common complication in patient with Stented Bioprothestic valve?
LVOT obstruction
38
Whas is Holosystolic MR?
The Regurgitation occurs during the whole Systole
39
Define eccentric Swarling jet.
indicates severe MR
40
AVA < 1 or < 0,6cm2 Pressure Gradiant < 40mmhg EF < 50%
Low Flow Low gradiant AS
41
Major duke criteria: echocardiography
-Vegetation -Peri-Valvular abscess -New or partial; dehiscence -New regurgitation -PAravalvular regurgitation
42
Major Criteria for Infective Endocarditis
Positive culture for IE Evidence of Endocardial Involvement (echo- Cardiac Ct or Nuclear imaging)
43
Name of the most Severe Form of Degenerative MV.
BARLOW'S disease Is caracterized by bileaflet prolapse
44
DX
MV prolapse. Late systolic Hammoching Leaflet displacement more than 3 cm bellow the C- D line
45
The radio of the FOA and the AOR is known as:
Discharge Coefficient
46
Average course of Valvular Aortic Stenosis
Avarage of 60 years of age: Angina Syncope HF Symptons Starts in decompasated Phase
47
What is this and where do we see it?
Holosystolic MR Tipicaly in Patient with MR due MI or non-isquemic cardiomiopaty
48
Characterists of Compensated Aortic Stenosis
Increase Afterload Decrease Stroke Vomune (in decompasated phase) Preserved Contractility
49
When does the symptons of Aortic Stenosis will apper?
When the Orifice is reduced to One Quarter its normal size
50
In which View is MV porlapse evaluated?
PLAX
51
DX
Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis
52
Normal Flow High Gradiant AS
AVA < 1 or < 0,6cm2 Pressure Gradiant > 40mmhg EF > 50% SV >35 ml
53
AVA < 1 or < 0,6cm2 Pressure Gradiant > 40mmhg EF > 50% SV <35 ml
Paradoxical High Gradiant Low Flow AS
54
What is this
Eccentric diastolic line Bicuspid AV
55
DX
Dehiscence of Mechanical Prosthetic Valve (Rocking Valve)
56
Excessive Bublle Destruction in the near field. (Apex) during contraste study
Swirling
57
Patology on the image? and Which disease can it causes?
Enstein's Anomaly TVR
58
What can we see in PX with MS? 2D, M mode and color
2D: Doming in diastoly PLAV, 4C, 2C L shape or Hockey Stick PLAV Fish mouth PSAX Calcification on the tips or on the body of the valve M-Mode Increase of the F slope E and A wave of the Posterios leaflet going up Color d Candle Flame
59
Refers to an increase of Stroke Volumen more than 20% after DST?
Contractile Flow Reverse
60
Direction of the jet in MV prolapse or flail?
away from the valve afected
61
Rheumatic Valvular Desiase Affects which valvular first? give order
1-MV 2-MV + AV 3-AV 4-MV + AV + TV
62
Name and where do we see it
Picklehaube Sign bileaflet mitral prolapse in TDI PW Doppler. S wave > 16cm/sec
63
what can it be associated to Goose Neck?
AVSD
64
what is this
Bicuspid AV domming in sistole and diastole
65
Hos is the E velocity in Mitral stenosis
it's high
66
Is peak Velocity Realted to Regurgitation?
Not. Peake velocity is related to stenosis
67
DX
Aortic Paravalvular Abscces
68
How to calculated MVA?
Planemetry PHT PISA Continutiy Equt
69
Primary Triscuspid Regurgitation is called?
Low pressure TR
70
Does Biological valve have Click? or created the roching Valve
Not, The click is sseinjg in Prosthetic Valve and more than one closing click can indicated Rocking valve
71
Above which Velocity, E wave has to be, to be considered. Severe MR
E mitral wave Velocity more than 1,2m/s
72
DX
Bioprosthetic Valve There is not reverberation
73
Pressure Gradiatn Acroos the mitral valve, depends on:
AVA LV-LA Compliance HR Transvalvular Flow
74
The leaflet tips displaced into the LA from the annular plane and the leaflet tips pointing toward the LV
Prolapse leaflet displaced more than 2 cm above the annulaus
75
Secuandary Tricuspid Regurgitation is called?
High Pressure TR
76
Tricuspid valve vegetation is more commun in:
Drug abuse patient
77
patology
Ebstein anomality

Valvular Heart D (1 decks)

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