Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
Majority of defects
involve aortic valve (63%) & mitral valve (14%)»_space; left <3
valvular dz & pregnancy
blood vol increases 40-50% CO increases 30-40% Stroke Vol increases 25-30% Heart rate increases 15% increasing demand poses greater risk when diseased
Rheumatic Heart Dz
worlds most common valvular dz
declined considerably in developed countries
Valvular stenosis
narrowing, stiffening, thickening, fusion of leaflets
or blockage of one or more valves
obstruction nml blood flow
valvular regurgitation
aka insufficiency
blood leaks back into the wrong direction b/c the valve is not closing properly
Valvular atresia
valve failed to develop properly in utero
completely closed at birth
valvular prolapse
leaflets of valve do not close properly excessive length or width bulge into chamber it's protecting may result in regurgitation mitral valve prolapse common & rarely serious
abnormal ongoing valvular processes
often leads to both stenosis & regurgitation
congenital valvular dz
abnormal development in utero
acquired valvular dz
some process is changing or has altered the once normal valve
heritable valvular dz
congenital
marfan syndrome (+ other CT disorders)
Bicuspid aortic valve
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy HTC (aka: Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis)
Inflammatory-Immunologic valvular dz
rheumatic fever
AIDS & Non Bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE)
Kawasaki’s dz
Spondylarthropthies > ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter dz Becketts dz SLE ect
Cardiovascular syphilis
Endocardial disorders
infective endocarditis»_space; bacterial, fungal
non bacterial chromatic endocarditis»_space; systemic wasting type of states like AIDS and cancer
Myocardial valvular disfxn
Ischemic heart disease»_space;ex papillary muscle ischemic d/f
Dilated Cardiomyopathy»_space; stretches valve annulus
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HTC/IHSS)
Diseases and disorders of other organs
chronic renal failure»_space; abnormal calcification of valves