Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
(28 cards)
MC valvular involvement in MV disease
Mitral valve with AR
MC congenital heart valve defect
Bicuspid aortic valve
Significant AS diameter
Severe less than 1 cm
Cause of dyspnea in AS
Elevation of pulmonary capillary pressure
Pulsus Parvus et tarsus
AS
Double apical impulse (S4)
AS
What is the Gallavardin effect and where is it seen?
Murmur in AS Transmitted downward to the apex, where it may be confused with systolic murmur of MR
Average time to death after onset of cardinal symptoms
Angina 3
Syncope 3
Dyspnea 2
HF 1.5-2
Mutation in bicuspid aortic valve
NOTCH1 gene
3 cardinal symptoms of AS
Exertional dyspnea
Angina pectoris
Syncope
Pathophy
A wave accentuated in AS
Diminished distensibility of RV caused by the bulging
Paradoxical splitting of S2
Aortic stenosis
Severe AS size of valve
Severe AS <1 cm area
Mod AS 1-1.5 cm
Mild AS 1.5-2 cm
Treatment of aortic stenosis
Avoid strenuous activity
Avoid dehydration and hypovolemic
Station- slows progression of leaflet calcification
Etiology of aortic regurgitation
- Primary valve disease
2. Primary aortic root disease
Major hemodynamics compensation for AR
Increase in LV end diastolic volume
Wide arterial pulse pressure
Aortic regurgitation
What is the Austin flint murmur
Slow putted rumbling mode to late diastolic murmur
Due to anterior leaflet of MV displaced
Treatment for AR
IV diuretic and vasodilators
OperAte
Avoid B blockers so as to not reduce CO further
First choice any hypertensive agents in AR 🐝
Vasodilators (ACEI, DHP CCB, hydralazine)
DHp nifedipine
Hemodynamics hallmark of MS
Abnormally INCREASED AV pressure gradient
Austin flint murmur
AR
Prominent A waves due to vigorous R atrial systole
MS
Accentuated first heart sound
MS
