Variation

Question 1

What is the Hardy-Weinberg Formula

Answer 1

p+q = 1
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

Question 2

What is the Hardy Weinberg Principle

Answer 2

frequency of dominant and recessive alleles remain constant from 1 generation to the next if the following conditions remain true
- large population
- population is isolated (no immigration or emigration of the population)
- no selection for against any phenotype
- random mating throughout the population
- no new mutations

Question 3

Natural Selection

Answer 3

Organisms which are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and produce fertile offspring that are successful

Question 4

5 marker - how feature of organism adapt to the population

Answer 4

• variation in (insert population) is due to random mutations within the population, these individuals have a selective advantage (state why)
• these individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce
• as a result they pass on their advantageous alleles onto the next generation
• after many generations allele frequency increases in the population

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

A group of similar individuals that are able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 6

Genetic drift

Answer 6

Variation in allele frequency increases populations that occur by chance

Question 7

Founder effect

Answer 7

When population is isolated on an island or a new habitat founder members of that population are a small sample of the original by chance may have a very different allele frequency to the original population and if it remains small it may undergo genetic drift

Question 9

Bottleneck Effect

Answer 9

Resulting from a disaster that drastically reduces population size these populations may survive after being squeezed through a bottleneck of low numbers

Question 10

Allopatric Isolation

Answer 10

• geographical barriers separate populations of the same species
• These populations evolve idep