Variation and Classification - The 5 Kingdoms and The Three Domain System

Question 1

what are the 5 kingdoms

Answer 1

• Prokaryotae
• Protoctista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

Question 2

describe the DNA of prokaryotes

Answer 2

• no nucleus
• loop of DNA that is not arranged in chromosomes
• have naked DNA (no histones)

Question 2

describe the ribosomes of prokaryotes

Answer 2

smaller than other groups

Question 2

do prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles

Answer 2

no

Question 3

describe the size of prokaryotes

Answer 3

smaller cells than eukaryotes

Question 4

are prokaryotes free-living or parasitic

Answer 4

either

Question 5

are prokaryotes unicellular or multiceullar

Answer 5

unicellular

Question 6

are protoctists eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Answer 6

eukaryotic

Question 7

describe the features of protoctists

Answer 7

• single-celled or groups of similar cells
• wide variety of forms
• display various plant-like or animal-like features
• mostly free-living

Question 8

how do protoctists obtain their nutrition

Answer 8

autotrophic (photosynthesis) or heterotrophic nutrition (ingestion of other organisms)

Question 9

are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Answer 9

eukaryotic

Question 10

describe fungi

Answer 10

• exist as single cells (yeast) or have a mycelium that consists of hyphae
• mostly free-living

Question 11

what is the cell wall of fungi made from

Answer 11

chitin

Question 12

describe the cytoplasm of fungi

Answer 12

multinucleate

Question 13

describe how fungi get their nutrition

Answer 13

saprophytic nutrition (use extracellular enzymes to break down matter and then absorb the nutrients)

Question 14

how do most fungi store their food

Answer 14

as glycogen

Question 15

are plants prokaryotic or eukaroytic

Answer 15

eukaryotic

Question 16

are plants multicellular or unicellular

Answer 16

multicellular

Question 17

what are plant cell walls made from

Answer 17

cellulose

Question 18

how do plants get their nutrition

Answer 18

autotrophic nutrition (photosynthesis and absorption of mineral ions to synthesise large organic molecules)

Question 19

what do plants contain

Answer 19

chlorophyll

Question 20

how do plants store food

Answer 20

as starch

Question 21

are animals eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Answer 21

eukaryotic

Question 22

are animals unicellular or multicellular

Answer 22

multicellular

Question 23

how do animals get their nutrition

Answer 23

heterotrophic nutrition (digest large organic molecules)

Question 24

describe any other features of animals

Answer 24

- usually able to move around - nervous system

Question 24

how do animals store food

Answer 24

as glycogen

Question 25

what does the kingdom Prokaryotae contain

Answer 25

all organisms that do not have a nucleus

Question 26

how did the three-domain system come about

Answer 26

- prokaryotes were once all grouped together but labelled either eubacteria or archaebacteria - after studying the genes that code for RNA and observable features of organisms, Woese proposed a new system, splitting the group in half

Question 27

what is the three domain system

Answer 27

- bacteria - archaea - eukarya

Question 28

where are domains in the hierarchy of taxa

Answer 28

at the top

Question 29

how are bacteria different from archaea

Answer 29

they have: - a different cell membrane structure - different enzymes for building RNA - no proteins bound to their genetic material - different RNA/DNA replication mechanism

Question 30

how are archaea actually more similar to eukaryotes

Answer 30

- similar enzymes for building RNA - similar mechanisms for DNA replication - produce some proteins that bind to their DNA

Question 31

are archaea and bacteria in the same kingdom

Answer 31

yes, but different domains