Variation and Evolution

Question 1

Give some traits that result purely from genetics

Answer 1

Eye colour
Hair colour
Hight
Blood group

Question 2

Give some traits that come form environmental factors

Answer 2

Accents
Skin colour
Behaviours

Question 3

Name all 4 bases in DNA

Answer 3

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

Question 4

What is a mutation

Answer 4

A random change in DNA

Question 5

Give an example of a positive mutation

Answer 5

Change in fur colour (Snow Leopard)

Question 6

What is a neutral mutation

Answer 6

Mutation that doesn’t change the amino acid

Question 7

Give an example of a negative mutation

Answer 7

Cancer, Cystic Fibrosis

Question 8

How does one changed base mean a mutation

Answer 8

One changed base means a different codon which will code for a different amino acid and change the protein.

Question 9

What is Sickle Cell Amnesia

Answer 9

Condition where there aren’t enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body.

Question 10

What causes chemical mutations

Answer 10

Nitrous acid

Question 11

What causes ionising radiation

Answer 11

X-rays

Gamma-rays

Question 12

What is evolution

Answer 12

The characteristics of a species change over time, evolved from the process of natural selection.

Question 13

What did the study of Finches lead to

Answer 13

Theory of Evolution

Question 14

What was the name of the ship Darwin sailed on

Answer 14

HMS Beagle

Question 15

What is the name Darwin’s book

Answer 15

Origin of Species

Question 16

Explain natural selection

Answer 16

Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support

But the population remains stable

Populations will have variations

Some will be better competitors

These are the ones that will survive

Question 17

Give the model answer that should be used for any natural selection question (9)

Answer 17

Variation exists in population (name trait)

This could be down to a random mutation

Competition

Some will have a better chance at survival (explain why)

Others die out

Survivors breed

Pass on genes

Trait is expressed in next generation

Repeated over many generations

Question 18

All……….die out when they meet penicillin

Answer 18

Bacteria

Question 19

How did bacteria become resistant to antibiotics

Answer 19

A normal bacteria cell mutated so that it was resistant to antibiotics

When treated with antibiotics the resistant one survived

When it reproduced it passes on genes for resistance. This is natural selection