Vasc Review Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
Does the CCA contain or not contain any branches?
A
The CCA does not contain any branches
2
Q
According to Poiseuille’s Law, volume flow increases with a decrease in what factor?
A
Hematocrit
3
Q
If flow resistance is halved, what happens to volume flow?
A
It is doubled
4
Q
What is the equation fo volume flow?
A
Q = DP/R
5
Q
What is related to high PRF mode?
A
Range ambiguity
6
Q
Under normal circumstances, what normally demonstrates boundary layer separation?
A
Carotid bulb
7
Q
What is the most common vessel variant found in the lower extremity?
A
Hypoplasia/aplasia of the ATA
8
Q
If you explain the maintenance of energy in the movement of fluid, what are you describing?
A
Bernoulli’s Principle
9
Q
A patient is experiencing thigh claudication, where is the most likely location of disease?
A
Iliac artery
10
Q
If a collateral is present, what can they help identify?
A
Extent of an occlusion
11
Q
What is a normal PSV of the CFA?
A
114 +/- 25 cm/s
12
Q
What kind of resistance would reactive hyperemia have?
A
Low resistance
13
Q
What is the most common site of atherosclerosis of the lower extremity?
A
Distal FA
14
Q
Thoracic outlet syndrome can result from compression of what? (3)
A
- Subclavian vein
- Subclavian artery
- Brachial nerve plexus
15
Q
What are two common causes of peripheral emboli?
A
Proximal aneurysm and the heart
16
Q
How would a significant stenosis affect the distal blood pressure post-exercise?
A
Decrease
17
Q
Compared to the proximal normal segment, what effect would a >70% stenosis have on the velocity?
A
Tripled
18
Q
What is the most common cause of early graft failure (<30 days post-op)?
A
Errors in graft construction
19
Q
What conclusions can be made when you observe a monophasic waveform?
A
Significant inflow disease
20
Q
What would an ABI of 0.7 most likely indicate?
A
Moderate, single-level disease
21
Q
Why is the normal Vr at the distal anastomosis of a graft <3.0?
A
Due to vessel size change
22
Q
Is the L4-5 vertebrae the external landmark for the aorta bifurcation?
A
No
Umbilicus - the L4-5 is the internal landmark
23
Q
Which of the following variables has the greatest impact on volume flow?
- Vessel radius
- Vessel Length
- Vessel Compliance
- Pressure difference
A
Vessel radius
24
Q
Which of the following reflects the Bernoulli effect?
- Pressure increases within a stenosis
- Velocity increases within a stenosis
- Blood flow is related to the vessel radius
- Pressure changes with the tube length changesVelocity increases within a stenosis
A
Velocity increases within a stenosis
25
Venules are the vessels that provide the resistance to help control blood flow? T/F
False
26
```
Which of the following is a branch of the external carotid artery?
A - Ophthalmic artery
B - Maxillary artery
C - Thyrocervical trunk
D - Peroneal arteryB
```
B
27
A palpated pulse of 0 indicates a weak pulse (t/f)
False - it indicates no pulse
28
A patient presents with a right brachial pressure of 80mmHg and a left brachial pressure of 115mmHg. What is likely happening?
A - Left subclavian artery stenosis
B - Right subclavian artery stenosis
C - Single-level disease and claudication
D -Multi-level disease and ischemic rest pain
B
29
Rest pain is usually the first symptom a patient experiences with PAD?
False - claudication is.
30
Which of the following describes an embolism?
A: Originates from a distal aneurysm
B - Formation of plaque within an artery
C - Dissection of an artery due to trauma
D - Sudden obstruction of an artery from a clot
D
31
```
Which of the following would be a cause of spectral broadening?
A
Plug Flow
B
Laminar Flow
C
Turbulent flow
D
High resistance flow
```
C
32
```
Which of the following could help distinguish an occluded vessel from near occlusion?
A
Decrease the SV
B
Increase the gain
C
Increase the wall filter
D
Increase the pulse repetition frequency
```
b - increase the gain
33
Poor cardiac function has no effect on the PSV's of the carotid arteries
False
34
```
A 35 year old women presents with neck pain and left arm paresthesia post MVA. What is the most likely vascular diagnosis?
A
Whiplash
B
Muscle spasm
C
Carotid dissection
D
Hemodynamically significant carotid stenosis
```
C - carotid dissection
35
Increase in the Doppler shift indicates a worsening stenosis?
True
36
Which of the following indicates a hemodynamically significant stenosis?
A
Vessel narrowing producing an area reduction of 50%
B
Stenosis that necessitates immediate surgical intervention
C
Vessel narrowing that causes a reduction in pressure and flow
D
Vessel barrowing that has limited effect on pressure and flow
C
37
```
When scanning a lower extremity bypass graft the Vr of the body of the graft is 3.5. What would be the logical course of treatment?
A
Exercise
B
Amputation
C
Medical intervention
D
Increase ultrasound surveillance
```
C - medical intervention
38
The mid-graft segment of a hemodialysis graft is the most likely location of a stenosis?
False - venous anastomoses
39
```
Which of the following vessels would have a waveform most similar to the femoral artery?
A
Renal artery
B
Axillary artery
C
Innominate artery
D
External carotid artery
```
Axillary Artery
40
Bruit is another name for the tissue vibration that is caused by a hemodynamically significant stenosis.
True
41
```
You perform a carotid study and get the following PSV's: Right CCA - 61cm/s, Right ECA - 98 cm/s and Right ICA - 132 cm/s. What is the category of disease?
A
1-15%
B
30-50%
C
50-69%
D
70-99%
```
C - 50-69%
42
What waveform would you expect to see distal to a stenosis?
Tardus parvus
43
When interrogating for a pseudoaneurysm what is the most important diagnostic criteria?
Communicating tract is seen
44
```
Which characteristic of a waveform may indicate that a small amount of atheroma is present at the sample site?
A
Low pulstatility
B
Increased velocities
C
Mild spectral broadening
D
Delayed acceleration time
```
C - mild spectral broadening
45
```
A patient has a left ABI of 0.75 with intermittent claudication. The left popliteal spectral tracing was biphasic with a PSV of 70 cm/s and the left DPA waveform was monophasic. What is most likely happening?
A
Tibial disease
B
Multi-level outflow disease
C
Significant popliteal disease
D
Lower extremity inflow disease
```
A - tibial disease
46
What is the most frequent location of atherosclerosis in the lower extremity?
Adductor canal - distal FA
47
Resistivity is the qualitative observation of the relationship between the PSV and EDV. (T/f)
True
48
The anastomosis of the vertebral arteries forms which vessel?
Basilar Artery
49
The temporal tap requires tapping which vessel?
Superficial temporal artery
50
Tunica media is the:
Middle layer of an artery or vein
51
A patient presents with amaurosis fugax of the left eye and intermittent right hemiparesis. Which intracranial vessels are most likely involved?
A
Right ophthalmic artery and left middle cerebral artery
B
Left internal carotid artery and left middle cerebral artery
C
Right ophthalmic artery and right middle cerebral artery
D
Left ophthalmic artery and left middle cerebral artery
D
52
```
Which of the following symptoms originate from the posterior territory?
A
Aphasia
B
Dysphagia
C
Hemiparesis
D
Homonomous hemianopia
```
B- dysphagia
53
```
What type of plaque consists mainly of collagen and is of moderate to strong echogenicity?
A
Calcific
B
Fibrous
C
Fibrofatty
D
Complicated
```
Fibrous
54
Aphasia is the inability for on to control one's gait?
False - ataxia is.
55
```
If there is systolic flow reversal in the vertebral waveform, what does it indicate?
A
Partial steal
B
Complete steal
C
Severe vertebral stenosis
D
Compensatory vertebral flow
```
A - partial steal
56
```
What happens to the pulsatility index as you move from the central arteries to the peripheral arteries?
A
Decrease
B
Increase
C
No change
D
Doubles
```
Increase
57
Loss of the reverse component is the first observable change in the waveform when evaluating significant disease in the peripheral arteries.
T/F
T
58
```
A 60 year old lady had loss of vision in her right eye 1 week ago. 3 days ago her left hand developed numbness and weakness. Today she visited her doctor and her left hand strength was found to be 25% of normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A
Migraine
B
Left hemispheric stroke
C
Right hemispheric stroke
D
Transient ischemic attack
```
C - right hemispheric stroke
59
Anomalous location of the DPA is the most common anatomic variant of the lower extremity.
False - hypoplasia/aplasia of the ATA
60
```
Which of the following plaque would have the greatest risk of embolizing?
A
Calcific
B
Thickened intima
C
Smooth, mostly hypoechoic
D
Heterogenous, mostly echogenic
```
C - smooth, mostly hypoechoic (FRESH)
61
Which two factors are used to interpret the results of treadmill testing?
A
Treadmill speed and time for the pressure to return to baseline
B
Treadmill incline and the degree of pressure change post exercise
C
Time for the patient's symptoms to reappear and degree of pressure change post exercise
D
Degree of pressure change post exercise and the time required to return to baseline
D
62
A tortuous vessel may be a cause of non-atheromatous turbulent flow in the carotid arteries (T/F)
False - Fibromuscular dysplasia may cause turbulent flow and is NOT atherosclerosis
63
```
What is the most common cause of bypass graft failure between 30days to 2 years?
A
Graft kink
B
Intimal hyperplasia
C
Remnant valve leaflet
D
Progression of atherosclerosis
```
B - intimate hyperplasia
64
A Vr of 2.5 at the proximal anastomosis would be considered a normal finding.
False - 2.0 (2.5 at the distal anastomoses would be normal)
65
```
Which of the following is a type of Thromboangitis obliterans?
A
Buerger's
B
Takayasu's
C
Raynaud's
D
Diabetic neuropathy
```
A
66
Which of the following describes moderate pulsatility
A
Tall, sharp peak with little diastolic flow
B
Broad systolic peak with forward flow throughout diastole
C
Narrow systolic peak, flow reversal in early diastole, little or absent late diastolic flow
D
Constant forward flow in systole and diastole with a diastolic component well above the baseline
A - tall, sharp peak with little diastolic flow
67
Synthetic hemodialysis grafts last longer and are less susceptible to thrombosis than an AV fistula graft.
False!!!
68
Steal syndrome with a hemodialysis graft involves reversal of flow in the ulnar or radial artery as the graft "steals" blood from the hand due to a lower pressure upstream.
True
