Flashcards in Vascular Deck (13)
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1
Varicose veins
Tortuous, dilated, elongated, thickened veins with non-functional & incompetent valves
2
ABPI
Measure BP in both arms
Measure BP in both ankles, dorsalis pedis & posterior tibial
Ankle BP - arm BP = 1.0 = normal
>1 = calcified arteries
3
Warfarin
Factors II, VII, IX, X
Measure PT / INR = time takes for blood to clot (ratio as compares time to normal person)
Indications: prophylaxis of PE, DVT, prosthetic graft, prosthetic heart valve
Therapeutic INR range = 2-3
Therapeutic INR range with prosthetic heart valve = 2.5-3.5
Give OD at 6pm
Start on LMWH at same time and continue for 5 days
4
Virchows triad (blood clot)
1) alterations in blood flow (immobilisation, pregnancy, obesity)
2) factors affecting the vessel wall (surgery)
3) factors affecting blood (thrombophilia, COCP)
5
Antiplatelet drugs
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
6
Heparin
Treatment of DVT/PE
After acute MI
Prophylaxis low dose to prevent PE/DVT
Measure APTT
7
Beurgers test - 3 signs
1) Pallor of sole of foot on elevating leg
2) Delayed re-perfusion on lowering
3) Reactive hyperaemia
8
Critical limb ischaemia
2 weeks of:
- necrosis, ulcer, gangrene
- rest pain requiring opiate analgesia
ABPI
9
ABPI acute limb ischamia
10
Mx PAD
Watchful waiting
Best medical management - statins, BP, DM
Endovascular - angioplasty & stenting
Surgical reconstruction
Amputation
11
Varicose veins risk fx
FH
Pregnancy
Obesity
Occupation
12
Mx varicose veins
Foam sclerotherapy
Laser ablation
Trendelenberg surgery
13
