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Flashcards in Vascular Deck (36)
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1
Q

Anatomical location of the SFJ

A

2 finger breaths below and lateral to the pubic tubercule

2
Q

Definition of a varicose vien

A

Torturous dilated vien of the superficial venous system

3
Q

Cause of varicose veins

A

Primary/idiopathic- RF: prolanged standing, OCP, pregnancy obesity Secondary 5% - valve destruction: DVT, thrombophlebitis - obstruction: pelvis mass, DVT - Avm - klippel - trenaunary - weber - parkes - weber syndrome

4
Q

Klippel- trenaunary - weber syndrome

A

Abnormality of the deep venous syndrome causing - varicose vein - port wine stain - bony and soft tissue hypetrophy of the limbs

5
Q

Parkes-weber syndrome

A

Multiple AVM with limb hypetrophy AVM can lead to highout out heart failure

6
Q

Types of minimally invasive therapies for varicose viens

A

Injection sclerotherapy - 1% Na tetradecyl sulphate Endovenous laser or radio frequency abalation

7
Q

Indication for minimally invasive therapy for varicose veins

A

Small below knee varicosities not involving the Great saphenous vien or short saphenous vien

8
Q

Indications for surgical management of varicose viens

A

SFJ Incompetence Major perforator incompetence Symptomatic: ulceration, skin changes, pain

9
Q

Surgical intervention for varicose veins

A

Trendelenburg: saphenofemoral ligation SSV Ligation: in the popliteal fossa LSV STRIPPING - No longer performed Multiple adulation Cockett’s operation: perforator ligation SEPS: subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery

10
Q

Complications of varicose viens

A

Early: heamatoma, wound sepsis, nerve damageLate- superficial thrombophlebitis - DVT - reoccurrence: 10% at 15years

11
Q

Cause of chronic venous insufficiency

A

Reflux following DVT - 90% Obstruction following DVT - 10%

12
Q

Surgical management of chronic venous insufficiency

A

Reflux - trahere transplantation: axillary vein transplant - kistner operation: valvuloplasty of damaged valve Obstruction - Palma operation

13
Q

Leriche syndrome

A

Buttock claudication and wasting Erictile dysfunction Absent femoral pulses

14
Q

Risk factor for peripheral vascular disease

A

Modifiable: smoking, BP, DM control, Hyperlipidemia, decreased exercise Non-modifable: FHx, PMH, Male, increased age, ethnicity

15
Q

Fontaine classification for chronic limb ischemia

A
  1. Asymptomatic - 0.8-1 2. Claudication - a (>200m) b(
16
Q

Doppler sounds

A

Normal - triphasic Mild stenosis - biphasic Severe stenosis - Monophasic

17
Q

Increased risk of AAA rupture

A

High BP Smoker Strong FH Female

18
Q

Defintion of AAA

A

Abnormal dilatation of the abdominal aorta to >50% of its normal diameter = >3cm

19
Q

Indication for AAA operation

A

Symptomatic/evidence of complication Rupture Asymptomatic - greater or equal to 5.5cm - expanding greater than 1cm a year

20
Q

Complication of AAA

A

Death MI Renal failure Spinal or mesenteric ischemia Distal trash from thromboembolism Anastomotic leak Graft infection Aortoenteric fistula

21
Q

Signs of chronic venous insufficiency

A

HAS LEGS haemosiderosis Atrophie Blanche Swelling Lipodermatosclerosis Eczema Gaiters ulcers Stars - venous

22
Q

Indication for surgical management of popliteal aneurysm

A

Symptomatic Aneurysm containing thrombus Aneurysm greater than 2 cm

23
Q

Definition of a true aneurysm

A

Dilation of a blood vessel involving all layers of its wall and is >50% of its normal diameter

24
Q

Definition of a false aneurysm

A

Collection of blood vessels around a vessel wall that communicates with the vessel lumen

25
Q

Detention or vessel dissection

A

Vessel dilatation caused by blood splaying apart the media to form a channel within the walls

26
Q

Complication of aneurysm

A

Luminal:- thrombosis leading to distal embolism- infection of artery thrombosis Mural - rupture, fistulation Extra-mural- external pressure e.g. DVT

27
Q

Management of false anneurysm

A

Ultrasound compression Thrombin injection Surgical repair

28
Q

Indication for amputation

A

Dead: PVD, Thromboangitis obliterans Dangerous: infection, sepsis, malignancy Damaged: trauma, burns, frost bites Damned nuisance: pain, neurological damage

29
Q

Complications of endarterectomy

A

3% risk of stroke or death Heamatoma MI nerve Injury - hypoglossal: ipsilateral tongue deviation - great auricular: numb ear lobe - recurrent laryngeal: hoarse voice, bovine voice

30
Q

Definition of gangrene

A

Irreversible tissue death from poor vascular supply

31
Q

Cause of gangrene

A

DMembolism and thrombosis Raynauds Thromboangitis obliterans Injury: extreme cold, heat, trauma or pressure

32
Q

Definition of Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

Characteristic cold induced changes associated with vasospasm

33
Q

Definition of Raynaud’s disease

A

Primary Raynaud’s phenomenon occurring in isolation

34
Q

Raynaud’s syndrome

A

Secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon associated with other disease

35
Q

Secondry causes of Raynaud’s

A

Blood: polycythemia, cyroglobulinemia, cold agglutinsAterial: atherosclerosis, Thromboangitis obliterans Drugs: beta-blockers, OCP, ergotamine Cervical rib: thoracic outlet obstruction Autoimmune: SLE, RA, systemic sclerosis Trauma: vibration injury

36
Q

Cause of venous ulcers

A

Valvular disease Varicose veins Deep vein reflux Outflow obstruction Muscle pump failure Stroke Neuromuscular disease