VASCULAR AND PLATELET SYSTEM

Question 1

Production and development of megakaryocytes, the precursors to platelets, in the bone marrow

Answer 1

Megakaryopoiesis

Question 2

Formation, production and development of blood platelets (thrombocytes)

Answer 2

Thrombopoiesis

Question 3

specific hormone responsible for commitment of the megakaryoblast to differentiate further into more mature stages; primary regulator of thrombopoiesis;

stimulates differentiation and maturation of the megakaryocytes;

produced by the liver and kidneys

Answer 3

Thrombopoietin

Question 4

Thrombopoietin is produced in

Answer 4

kidney and liver

Question 5

a multipotent hematopoietic growth factor produced by activated T-cells, monocytes/macrophages and stroma cells

Answer 5

Interleukin 3

Question 6

stimulates thrombopoietin production; promptly and transiently produced in response to infections and tissue injuries, contributes to host defense through the stimulation of acute phase responses.

Answer 6

Interleukin 6

Question 7

together with TPO controls the production and release of platelets.

Answer 7

Interleukin 11

Question 8

acts primarily on primitive cells of the hematopoietic cell lineages

preserve the viability of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, to influence their entry into the cell cycle and to facilitate their proliferation and differentiation

Answer 8

Stem Cell Factor

Question 9

for proliferation of megakaryocytic progenitor cells

Answer 9

FLT-3 Ligand

Question 10

inhibitors of hematopoiesis

Answer 10

TGFs & Interferon-gamma

Question 11

Least mature progenitor

Answer 11

BFU meg

Question 12

Most mature and enters endomitosis

Answer 12

LD CFU meg

Question 13

is a form of mitosis that lacks telophase and cytokinesis

Answer 13

Endomitosis

Question 14

Endomitosis lacks

Answer 14

telophase and cytokinesis

Question 15

unique (Megakaryocyte ONLY) form of mitosis in which DNA replication and cytoplasmic maturation are normal but cells lose their capacity to divide.

Answer 15

Endomitosis

Question 16

___ days for megakaryocytes to mature in the bone marrow

Answer 16

4-5

Question 17

Most mature megakaryocyte are __N and __N

Answer 17

8N and 16N

Question 18

Differentiating and mature megakaryocytes localize to the ______________ in preparation for movement into the bloodstream

Answer 18

abluminal (nonblood) surface of sinusoid-lining endothelial cells

Question 19

largest megakaryocyte cell series

Answer 19

MK-III

Question 20

Basophilic/Nongranular cytoplasm

Answer 20

MK-I

Question 21

Indented nucleus

Answer 21

MK-II

Question 22

3:1 N/C ratio

Answer 22

MK-I

Question 23

endomitosis is present in

Answer 23

MK-I

Question 24

endomitosis ends in

Answer 24

MK-II (promegakaryocyte)

Question 25

a series of membrane-lined channels that invade from the plasma membrane and grow inward to subdivide the entire cytoplasm & becomes the future site of platelet fragmentation

Answer 25

Demarcation Membrane System

Question 26

With plasma membrane blebs, resembles platelets Resembles the myeloblast and pronormoblast (rubriblast)

Answer 26

megakaryoblast or MK-I

Question 27

CYTOPLASM More abundant Less basophilic

Answer 27

Promegakaryocyte/MK-II

Question 28

No nucleoli, Pyknotic Platelet-like

Answer 28

Megakaryocyte

Question 29

Megakaryocytic cell series with highest percentage (55%)

Answer 29

MK III (Megakaryocyte)

Question 30

Megakaryocytic cell with homogenous chromatin

Answer 30

Megakaryoblast

Question 31

Megakaryocytic cell series with moderately condensed chromatin

Answer 31

Promegakaryocyte

Question 32

Megakaryocytic cell series with 1:2 N/C ratio

Answer 32

Promegakaryocyte

Question 33

lines the vessel wall and is antithrombotic: nonreactive to platelets and plasma proteins until damaged

Answer 33

Endothelium

Question 35

Inhibits platelet activation Stimulates vasodilation

Answer 35

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Question 36

Endothelial surface receptor for thrombin Binds and inactivates thrombin Enhances anticoagulant/fibrinolytic action of protein C

Answer 36

Thrombomodulin

Question 37

Coats the endothelial cell surface A plasma anticoagulant

Answer 37

Heparan sulfate

Question 38

Platelet adhesion to site of vessel injury

Answer 38

von Willebrand factor (vWF)

Question 39

Vasoconstriction is controlled by vessel smooth muscle, triggered by

Answer 39

1. Reflexes by local pain receptors 2. Serotonin 3. Thromboxane A2 (TxA2)

Question 40

Development of cytoplasmic granules and formation of DMS

Answer 40

MATURATION

Question 41

Membranous system component that is involved in phagocytosis

Answer 41

surface-connected calanicular system

Question 42

Platelets roll and attach to nonplatelet surface 1. Subendothelium collagen 2. fibrinectin 3. basement membrane

Answer 42

Platelet adhesion

Question 43

platelet aggregation disorder that is deficiency in GP IIb/IIIa

Answer 43

Glanzmann thrombasthenia

Question 44

Calcium promote aggregation. T or F?

Answer 44

T

Question 45

________ inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX)

Answer 45

Aspirin and other NSAIDs