Vascular biology III Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are factors that contribute to vascular wall stress?
Elevation in BP or increased flow
How does high flow affect an vessel?
- Larger lumen diameter
- Larger overall diameter
- Wall thickness stays the same
How does low flow affect a vessel?
- Smaller lumen diameter
- Smaller overall diameter
- Wall thickness stays the same
How does a large artery respond to increased pressure?
Outward hypertrophy:
- Thicker wall (larger overall diameter)
- Same lumenal diameter
How does a small artery respond to increased pressure?
Inward hypertrophy:
- Wall gets thicker in an INWARD direction (same overall diameter)
- Smaller lumenal diameter
How does an arteriole respond to increased pressure?
Three options:
Inward hypertrophy:
- Increased wall thickness
- Decreased lumenal diameter
- Same overall thickness
Inward (eutrophic) remodeling
- Decreased wall thickness
- Decreased wall diameter
Rarefaction (disappears)
What are the three layers of the heart?
- Endocardium
- Myocardium
- Epicardium
What is found in the subendocardium?
- Loose CT
- Small blood vessels
- Nerve fibers
- Purkinje cells or fibers (ventricles only)
What are the layers of the endocardium?
- Endothelium
- Subendothelial layer
- Myoelastic layer
- Subendocardium
What are the three types of cardiocytes?
- Contractile
- Myoendocrine
- Specialized conductive
What are the important functions / characteristics of myoendocrine cells?
- Atrial natriuretic factor
- B-type natriuretic factor ventricles)
- Diuresis and vasodilation
Which myoendocrine cell is elevated in CHF?
B-type natriuretic factor
What is anchored to the cardiac skeleton?
Cardiac muscles and valves
What are the three layers of AV valves?
- Atrialis
- Spongiosa
- Fibrosa
What are the three layers of semilunar valves?
- Fibrosa
- Spongiosa
- Ventricularis
What is the function of the atrialis layer of AV valves?
Helps to contract valve
What is the function of the spongiosa layer in AV valves?
Serves as a shock absorber
What is the function of the fibrosa layer in AV and semilunar valves?
Mechanical integrity
What are characteristics of SA node cells?
- Smaller than atrial muscle cells
2. Contain fewer myofibrils
Where are Purkinje fibers located?
Subendocardium
Cardiac stem cells and early committed cells can differentiate into what types of cells?
Cardiomyocytes, SMCs, and endothelial cells
Activation of what cells can reconstitute necrotic myocardium?
Cardiac stem cells and early committed cells
Where are cardiac stem cells and early committed cells located?
AV sulcus
Do lymphatic capillaries contain pericytes or RBCs?
No
