Vascular Chapter 7

Question 1

Which vascular artery has multiple branches within the neck?

Answer 1

External Carotid Artery

Question 2

What’s is the first branch off the ECA?

Answer 2

Superior Thyroid Artery

Question 3

The ECA spectral waveform will oscillate with _______

Answer 3

Temporal tap

Question 4

The ICA typically runs _______ to the ECA

Answer 4

Posterior

Question 5

A mobile appearing white line echo in the CCA is most likely _________ from the IJV

Answer 5

Reverberation artifact

Question 6

What should be used to help identify areas of aliasing, mosaic flow patterns or speckling that could indicate a bruit?

Answer 6

Color Doppler

Question 7

What measures the flow velocities and document waveform contours?

Answer 7

Pulsed wave spectral Doppler

Question 8

What type of transducer and frequency are used for a Carotid scan?

Answer 8

Linear array 7-4 MHz

Question 9

Yin-yang indicates _____ flow in the bulb

Answer 9

Normal

Question 10

What are normal B-mode characteristics?

Answer 10

-smooth vessel walls
-lumen is anechoic
-intimal-medial layer clearly visible and uniform

Question 11

Where does plaque most commonly occur?

Answer 11

CCA bifurcation

Question 12

By ultrasound, plaque is usually classified as:

Answer 12

Smooth vs irregular

Question 13

Homogenous plaque is uniform in appearance and is often ____ echogenicity (high lipid content)

Answer 13

Low

Question 14

Heterogeneous plaque is _____ echogenicity (Fatty material + calcium)

Answer 14

Mixed

Question 15

Extensive characterization of plaque in B-mode imaging is __________

Answer 15

Controversial

Question 16

Doppler wave form contour is related to:

Answer 16

-cardiac output
-vessel compliance
-peripheral resistance

Question 17

Has highest diastolic velocities with lowest peripheral resistance that feeds the brain

Answer 17

ICA

Question 18

Has lowest diastolic velocities with highest peripheral resistance and feeds the face

Answer 18

ECA

Question 19

Has intermediate diastolic velocities and has characteristics of both ICA and ECA

Answer 19

CCA

Question 20

Carotid bulb contains baroreceptors that assist in

Answer 20

Blood pressure control

Question 21

Carotid bodies located nearby the bulb have chemoreceptors that are involved in

Answer 21

Control of the respiratory rate

Question 22

As plaque develops, it can fill the bulb , reducing ________

Answer 22

Flow separation

Question 23

Absence of flow reversal can be considered

Answer 23

Abnormal

Question 24

Tardus-parvus

Answer 24

Low velocity flow with delayed acceleration

Question 25

Spectral broadening normally represents

Answer 25

Turbulent flow

Question 26

With a very significant stenosis, proximal wave form will display a:

Answer 26

More high-resistance pattern (decreased or absent diastolic flow)

Question 27

Waveform contours can be “hesitant” meaning…

Answer 27

Antegrade flow with deep flow reversal notch

Question 28

Flow that is beginning to show signs of reversals but not completely retrograde

Answer 28

Latent steal

Question 29

Complete retrograde of involved vessel

Answer 29

Complete steal

Question 30

Blunted, somewhat resistive waveforms that precede complete occlusion. Most commonly found on the ICA.

Answer 30

String sign

Question 31

To detect a string sign:

Answer 31

-low scale
-high gain
-power Doppler

Question 32

What flow pattern indicated severe stenosis or occlusion distal to the segment evaluated

Answer 32

High resistance flow

Question 33

Proximal vertebral artery stenosis will produce;

Answer 33

Abnormal antegrade dampened waveforms distally with delayed acceleration and rounded peaks.

Question 34

Hemodynamically significant stenosis in the proximal subclavian artery causing changes to vertebral artery flow

Answer 34

Subclavian steal

Question 35

Proactive test used to augment a subclavian steal from “latent” to “complete”

Answer 35

Reactive hyperemia