Vascular Final Exam Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
ICA has _____ resistive flow level?
•High
•Low
•None of the above
A
Low
2
Q
ECA has ____ resistive flow level?
•High
•Low
•None of the above
A
High
3
Q
ECA is located where to the ICA in the transverse plane?
A
Medial (antero-medial)
4
Q
Name the three branches of the ophthalmic artery that exit the orbit:
A
Supraorbital
Nasal
Frontal
5
Q
If you move superior what does the brachiocephalic artery turn into?
A
Right Carotid Artery
6
Q
What is another name for brachiocephalic?
A
Innominate Artery
7
Q
What is the first major branch of the ICA, if you move superiorly?
A
Ophthalmic Artery
8
Q
What vessel does the right vertebral artery originate from?
A
The right subclavian
9
Q
The Superficial femoral artery passes through what to become the popliteal artery?
A
adductor hiatus (hunter’s canal)
10
Q
What’s the name of the venous wall that the valves are connected to?
A
Intima
11
Q
What is the normal peak systolic velocity for CCA? •115cm/sec •125 mm/sec •125 cm/sec •130 cm/sec
A
125 cm/sec
12
Q
What if the normal velocity is doubled, how much diameter reduction percentage would you have to approx? •60-70% •70-80% •80-90% •90-95%
A
80-90%
13
Q
What is the worst that could happen with DVT’s?
A
Pulmonary embolism
14
Q
Temporal tapping is used on what vessel? •ECA •ICA •CCA •CFA
A
ECA
15
Q
Where do yo see the changes in the waveform during temporal tapping?
A
In the diastolic flow pattern
16
Q
What is the primary risk factory for developing varicose veins? •Genetics/hereditary •High Cholesterol •Poor Diet •Inactivity
A
Genetics/hereditary
17
Q
List all the vessels that can be palpated as a pulse:
A
Popliteal, Posterior tibial, common femoral arteries
18
Q
True or False: Claudication pain occrs below the level of stenosis
A
True
19
Q
What mechanisms help venous blood flow back to the heart from the lower extremities?
A
venous valves, expiration and calf muscle contraction
20
Q
What two vessels (veins form the portal vein?
A
The confluence of the splenic and smv
21
Q
Which are bigger: veins or arteries
A
veins
22
Q
Surgery is needed if an AAA measures what or greater?
A
5cm
23
Q
If brachial blood pressures differ by 15-20mm/Hg, is this related to subclavian steal syndrome? Yes or No
A
Yes
24
Q
Normal blood flow toward the liver from the portal vein describes what term?
A
Hepatopetal
25
True or False: 7.5 MHz Trx is used for abdominal vasculature exam?
False, 3-5 MHz
26
What is the most common spot for a dissecting aortic aneurysm?
Superior to the diaphragm in the thoracic aorta
27
List patient positions that are used to do an abdominal vascular exam:
Supine, LLD, RLD
28
List the shapes of the abdominal aortic aneurysm start with the most common:
Fusiform, saccular, dissecting
29
At what rate of growth of an AAA per year would it take to perform surgery?
1 cm
30
Explain the descriptions of a waveform that is triphasic:
Pulsatile, reverse component, and forward flow in late diastole
31
Blood flow toward the trx would make the color?
Red
32
Blood flow away from the color?
Blue
33
The phenomenon associated w/ pulsed Doppler, which is misrepresentation of the Doppler shift in a negative direction, and occurs when the Doppler shift frequency exceeds one-half the PRF
Aliasing
34
List the three variables for Doppler Shift function:
Operating frequency, speed, and angle of measurement
35
Where is the most common site for plague in the head or neck?
At the bifurcation of the internal/ external carotid arteries
36
List the three layers of the arterial walls:
Intima, mediam, adventia
37
Which layer is most involved in atherosclerotic disease?
Intima
38
True or False? Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of extracranial cerebrovascular disease?
True
39
Explain cerebral angiography:
X-ray visualization of blood vessels in the brain using contrast material that is opaque to X-rays
40
True or False: Vascular laboratory accreditation is needed and of importance to minimize variance in performance of ultrasound exams.
True
41
List factors that can affect the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities in a stenotic lesion during a pulsed wave Doppler procedure:
Peripheral resistance, blood pressure, and cardiac output
42
In arterial scanning of the lower extremity which view is more important?
Longitudinal/ SAG
43
What happens to Doppler shift as the Doppler angle increases toward 90 degrees?
Doppler shift decreases
44
What is the primary function of the venous valves?
Assure antegrade flow
45
List the Superficial venous system of the lower extremities:
GSV and LSV
46
The venous pressure in the legs, while standing in the erect position is decreased, increased, or unchanged?
Increased
47
What are the three deep veins of the calf?
Posterior tibial vein, perineal, anterior tibial vein
48
What is IACVL?
INTERSOCIETAL ACCREDITATION COMMISION VASCULAR LABORATORIES
| Organization that is responsible for the accreditation of vascular laboratories in the US
49
As a sonographer you should know the three characteristics of diagnostic value to rule out acute DVT while scanning a venous duplex study looking for thrombis
Augmentation w/ distal compression, echogenicity of the venous lumen, wall compressibility
50
True or False? Sensitivity equals true positives/ true positives + false negatives?
True (the ability of a test to detect disease when is present)
51
True or False? Specificity equals true negatives/ true negatives + false positives?
True ( the ability of a test to indicate absence of disease when no disease is present)
52
Positive predictive value equals true positives/ false positives + true positives?
True (the percentage of patients who have positive test results who actually have the disease)
53
What does IPG measure?
Change in electrical resistance (in calf)
54
What is the AKA for venography?
Phlebography
55
True or False? Mesenteric angina is related to SMA stenosis?
True
56
SPG uses silastic tube filled with what?
Mercury
57
TcPO2 is used to asses what?
Healing at amputation site
58
Explain Tardus Parvus:
Prolonged upstroke rounded waveform
59
Caval interruption device is also called what?
Greenfield filter
60
Increased resistance to blood flow in the liver is called what?
Portal hypertension
61
Explain phlegmasia alba dolens:
milk leg, white, characterized by severe swelling of the leg
62
What happens to the speed of velocity with stenosis
Increases
63
A dull aching and cramping pain that occurs about 15-20 minutes after eating, what vessel should the sonographer be most concerned about?
SMA
64
What is the normal renal to Aorta ratio?
Less than 3.5
65
The RI is used to ascertain what?
To ascertain if resistance is increasing (in analyzing renal arteries)
66
Arteries of the kidneys have what type of resistance?
Low resistance
67
Three items to consider if in TRV. If the vein does not fill with color at all. Can you list the three items?
Filter set too high, poor angle of insonation, and DVT
68
List diagnostic criteria for acute DVTs
Spongy texture, dilated vessel (expansion of the vessel lumen) poor attachment to wall (tail of the dog), may be sonolucent, and has no collaterals
69
What is considered significant stenosis in relation to the renal arteries?
60% or greater
70
When lying down (supine), the hydrostatic pressure in the veins of the leg is what?
10mmHg
71
When walking, the hydrostatic pressure in the veins of the leg is what?
25mmHg
72
When standing, the hydrostatic pressure in the veins of the leg is what?
80mmHg
73
True or False? The lower the intraluminal pressure, the higher the transmural pressure (this is in regards to venous hemodynamics)
True (Um, no. Transmural pressure = intraluminal - interstitial; therefore, low intraluminal leads to low transmural.)
74
How many valves does the external iliac vein have?
External iliac vein contains valves in only 25% of all individuals
75
What happens to the Doppler waveform pattern in the SMA, after eating a high caloric meal high or low resistance?
Low resistance/ diastolic velocities increase
76
What exam is commonly ordered for patients that are suspected of having Reno-vascular hypertension?
Renal artery duplex exam
77
Peak systolic velocity in the renal arteries exceeds 200 cm/s, what would the diameter reduction be?
60% or greater
78
True or False? In the cranium, is the location of the carotid artery siphoned?
True (What? Odd wording. The carotid siphon is located in the cranium. Part of ICA.)
79
List the deep veins of the upper extremity:
Superior vena cava, innominate, subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial, ulnar
80
List the superficial veins of the upper extremity:
Basilic, cephalic
81
What's the name of the equation that is most closely related to the prediction of the onset of turbulent flow?
Reynolds critical number
82
What's the name of the greatest amount of energy found in flowing blood?
Pressure energy??? Flowing blood --> moving --> kinetic energy
83
What is the TrX frequency for a transcranial Doppler ultrasound exam?
2.0MHz (1-2MHz according to Amy)
84
Explain Bernoulli's law:
Pressure and velocity are inversely related
85
Where do venous ulcers occur?
Medial malleolus
86
List associated conditions of chronic arterial disease:
Hair loss, trophic nail changes, skin changes (shiny skin or ulcers), decreased pulses, sensation changes, dependent rubor
87
What's the name of the terminal branches of the basilar artery?
Posterior cerebral arteries
88
List some testing methods of demonstrating incompetent venous valves:
Proximal aug, valsava maneuver, and color Doppler
89
List normal venous flow findings:
Non-pulsatile, phasic, and spontaneous
90
What is known as the most important collateral pathway in the cerebral arterial system?
The circle of Willis
91
List the three important risk factors of virchow's triad?
Blood stasis, hypercoagulability of blood, and changes to venous walls
92
The calf muscle pump mechanism works because of the ________ gradient principle
Pressure
93
Is there any bleeding with arterial disease?
Yes ?
94
Primary varicose veins occur due to what?
Hereditary
95
Hypercoagulability of the blood may be related to what disorder?
Myeloproliferative disorder
96
With budd chiari syndrome where is the obstruction?
Hepatic vein outflow obstruction
97
What is MRA?
Imaging of the arteries using MRI
