Vascular Plants

Question 1

What is a type of plant cell that is connected to a sieve tube element by many plasmodesmata and whose nucleus and ribosomes may serve one or more adjacent sieve tube elements?

Answer 1

companion cell

Question 2

What is the waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that prevent water loss?

Answer 2

cuticle

Question 3

What is a rigid, supportive plant cell type usually lacking a protoplast and possessing thick secondary walls strengthened by lignin at maturity?

Answer 3

sclerenchyma cell

Question 4

What is the point along the stem of a plant at which leaves are attached?

Answer 4

node

Question 5

What is the vascular bundle in a leaf?

Answer 5

vein

Question 6

What is the cone of cells at the tip of a plant root that protects the apical meristem?

Answer 6

root cap

Question 7

What is the relatively unspecialized plant cell type that carries out most of the metabolism, synthesis and stores organic products, and develops into a more differentiated cell type?

Answer 7

parenchyma cell

Question 8

What is a type of growth characteristic of most animals and some plant organs, in which growth stops after a certain size is reached?

Answer 8

determinate growth

Question 9

What is transpiration?

Answer 9

the evaporative loss of water from a plant

Question 10

What is the vascular plant organ consisting of an alternating system of nodes and internodes that support the leaves and reproductive structures?

Answer 10

stem

Question 11

What is the protective coat that replace the epidermis in woody plants during secondary growth, formed of the cork and cork cambium?

Answer 11

periderm

Question 12

What is the type of growth characteristic of plants, in which the organism continues to grow as long as it lives?

Answer 12

indeterminate growth

Question 13

What dye is commonly used for staining?

Answer 13

Methylene blue

Question 14

What is the outermost layer in the vascular cylinder, from which later roots arise?

Answer 14

periderm

Question 15

What is the innermost layer of the cortex that surrounds the vascular cylinder?

Answer 15

endodermis

Question 16

What is the ground tissue between the vascular tissue and dermal tissue in a root or dicot stem?

Answer 16

cortex

Question 17

What is the bud at the tip of a plant stem?

Answer 17

apical bud

Question 18

What is an epidermal cell that is highly specialized, often hairlike outgrowth on a plant shoot?

Answer 18

trichome

Question 19

What organs do vascular plants have?

Answer 19

Stem, leaf, root

Question 20

What tissues do vascular plants have?

Answer 20

Ground, dermal, vascular tissue

Question 21

What is the function of ground tissue?

Answer 21

Metabolism + storage

Question 22

What is the function of dermal tissue?

Answer 22

Protection

Question 23

What is the function of vascular tissue?

Answer 23

Transport

Question 24

What are the cells in vascular tissue?

Answer 24

Parenchyma. Sclerenchyma, Collenchyma

Question 25

What cells are found in dermal tissue?

Answer 25

Guard cells, cuticle, periderm, epidermis, trichomes*

Question 26

What is the difference between the leaves of monocots and dicots?

Answer 26

Monocot = parallel veins; Dicot = Netlike veins

Question 27

What is the difference between the vascular bundle of monocots and dicots? What is the difference in their arrangement?

Answer 27

Monocot = cookie; Dicot = Ring

Question 28

What is the difference between the roots of monocots and dicots?

Answer 28

Monocot = fibrous; Dicot = has Taproot

Question 29

What is the difference between the flower of monocots and dicots?

Answer 29

Monocot = groups of 3; Dicot = 4-5

Question 30

What are the parts of a root?

Answer 30

Taproot, lateral root

Question 31

What are root hairs for?

Answer 31

Absorption and increased surface area

Question 32

What are the different specialized functions roots have? Give 5 examples.

Answer 32

prop root (corn), storage root (Radish, turnip), strangling root (orchids), buttress root (tropical rainforest trees), pneumatophores (mangroves)

Question 33

What is the difference between an apical and axillary bud?

Answer 33

Apical = youngest, at shoot tip (pinaka taas); Axillary = at the axil of the lead

Question 34

What are the different specialized functions stems have? Give 3 examples.

Answer 34

rhizomes (turmeric), runners (strawberries), tubers (potato)

Question 35

Leaves are primarily responsible for _____.

Answer 35

photosynthesis

Question 36

Stems are primarily responsible for _____.

Answer 36

support

Question 37

Roots are primarily responsible for _____.

Answer 37

absorption and anchorage

Question 38

Why do roots grow first?

Answer 38

Because it is essential for growth and anchoring the plant

Question 39

What are the different specialized functions of leaves? Give 4 examples.

Answer 39

spines, storage, reproductive, tendrils (pea plant)

Question 40

What is that “hair like” structure in the experiment of the hairy pod?

Answer 40

trichomes

Question 41

What are the 2 basic ground tissues?

Answer 41

pith and cortex

Question 42

Give 2 examples of dermal tissue besides the epidermis.

Answer 42

cuticle, periderm, endodermis, root hair

Question 43

What are the 2 basic vascular tissues?

Answer 43

xylem and phloem

Question 44

What is the xylem for?

Answer 44

port water and minerals

Question 45

What is the phloem for?

Answer 45

transport organic materials

Question 46

What is the pith for?

Answer 46

internal of vascular tissue

Question 47

What is the cortex for?

Answer 47

external of vascular tissue

Question 48

What is the internal vascular tissue?

Answer 48

pith

Question 49

What is the external vascular tissue?

Answer 49

cortex

Question 50

What is the cuticle for?

Answer 50

water resistance and prevent water loss

Question 51

What is the periderm for?

Answer 51

protection

Question 52

Sieve plates and sieve tubes can be found where?

Answer 52

phloem

Question 53

At which cell is mitosis NOT ACTIVE?

Answer 53

sclerenchyma

Question 54

What is the difference between the parenchyma and the collenchyma?

Answer 54

parenchyma = metabolism, even cell walls ; collenchyma = support, uneven cell walls

Question 55

What is primary growth?

Answer 55

elongation

Question 56

What is secondary growth?

Answer 56

widening of width

Question 57

What are the areas in the root responsible for growth?

Answer 57

area of maturation, area of elongation, area of cell division

Question 58

What is the difference between the vascular cambium and cork cambium?

Answer 58

vascular cambium = internal, increase diameter of stems and roots; cork cambium = external, produces bark