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Abdomenopelvic > Vasculature > Flashcards

Vasculature Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

The aorta should never exceed ________.

A

3 cm

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2
Q

As the aorta travels inferiorly, the diameter will ______.

A

Decrease

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3
Q

Describe the sonographic appearance of the aorta.

A

Anechoic, pulsatile, highly echogenic walls

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4
Q

The aorta is located midline to the _______.

A

left

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5
Q

Name the 3 branches of the aortic arch.

A

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

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6
Q

True or false: A sagittal plane divides the body into equal left and right sides.

A

False; unequal

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7
Q

The outermost arterial layer is called?

A

Tunica adventitia

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8
Q

Which arterial layer contains the vasa vasorum?

A

Tunica adventitia

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9
Q

The middle arterial layer is called?

A

Tunica media

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10
Q

The tunica media is also called?

A

The elastin layer

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11
Q

The inner most arterial layer is called?

A

Tunica intima

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12
Q

In what arterial layer do diseases most often occur?

A

Tunica intima

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13
Q

What is the first branch off the aorta?

A

Celiac axis

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14
Q

What are the right and left branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left: left gastric artery and splenic artery
Right: common hepatic artery

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15
Q

What branches of the celiac trunk can be seen sonographically?

A

Splenic artery and common hepatic artery

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16
Q

True or false: The left gastric artery can be seen sonographically.

A

False

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17
Q

In the sagittal plane, the aorta appears ______.

A

Tubular

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18
Q

In the transverse plane, the aorta appears _______.

A

Circular

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19
Q

Name the branches of the CHA.

A

Proper hepatic artery, gastrodudenal artery,
And right gastric artery

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20
Q

Name the branches of the proper hepatic artery.

A

Left hepatic artery, middle hepatic artery, right hepatic artery, and cystic artery

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21
Q

The seagull sign is seen in the _______ aorta in the _____ plane and consists of the ________ arteries.

A

proximal; transverse; CHA and splenic

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22
Q

What is the second branch of the aorta?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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23
Q

The SMA feeds the _____.

A

Small intestines

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24
Q

The SMA is the only artery with both _______.

A

High and low resistance flow

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25
When a patient is preprandial, the SMA exhibits ________ flow.
High-resistance
26
When a patient is postprandial, the SMA exhibits ________ flow.
Low-resistance
27
What type of blood flow do vital organs have?
Low resistance
28
The SMA runs _______ and ________ to the aorta.
Parallel; anterior
29
The renal arteries are _______ to the SMA.
Inferior
30
What is the only vessel posterior to the IVC?
Right renal artery
31
Which renal artery is more susceptible to disease? Why?
Right; longer
32
Which renal artery is shorter? Why?
Left; the aorta lies medial to the left
33
The iliac arteries are also known as?
Hypogastric arteries
34
The iliac arteries should never exceed ______.
1 cm
35
The gonadal arteries course ________.
Anteriolaterally
36
True or false: the gonadal arteries are superior to the inferior mesenteric artery.
True
37
True or false: the gonadal arteries are superior to renal arteries
False
38
Which vessel courses posterior to the SMA and anterior to the aorta?
Left renal vein
39
What is a true aneurysm?
All three layers are damaged
40
What is a pseudoaneurysm?
False aneurysm where not all three layers are affected
41
What is the most common cause of an aneurysm?
Atheriosclerosis
42
Which type of aneurysm is most common?
Fusiform
43
Describe a saccular aneurysm.
Only one wall is affected
44
Describe a fusiform aneurysm.
Both walls are affected
45
Describe a berry aneurysm.
Affects the brain
46
Describe a mycotic aneurysm.
Bacteria invades all three layers
47
What is the most common location for an aortic aneurysm? Why?
Distal aorta because of the bifurcation of the iliac arteries
48
What is the deadliest aneurysm? Why?
Dissecting aneurysm; tunica intima dissects into lumen
49
How does clotted blood appear sonographically?
Echogenic
50
The IVC is located midline to the _______.
Right
51
The IVC should not exceed _____.
4 cm
52
Blood from the IVC flows ______ to ________.
Inferior; superior
53
The bunny sign of the IVC is located _______ and consists of the ________ and ________.
distally; middle hepatic vein; left hepatic vein
54
The hepatic veins branch from the ______ portion of the IVC.
Distal
55
Describe the sonographic appearance of the portal veins.
Thick and echogenic walls
56
Which vessel does the right gonadal vein drain into?
IVC
57
Which vessel does the left gonadal vein drain into?
Left renal vein
58
True or false: the left renal vein is longer than the right renal vein
True
59
In order to decrease aliasing, _________ the PRF.
Increase
60
Why do the the walls of the portal veins appear echogenic?
High collagen content
61
Hepatofugal flow is blood flow ________ from the transducer.
Away
62
Hepatopetal flow is blood flow ________ the transducer.
Towards
63
On which side of the IVC do vessels most dilate?
Left
64
The main portal vein is also called
Portal Splenic Confluence
65
The MPV is made up of?
The superior mesenteric vein, the inferior mesenteric vein, and the splenic vein
66
The MPV should not exceed _____.
13 mm or 1.3 cm
67
The MPV enters the ______ at the _____.
liver; hilum
68
What are the two main branches of the MPV?
right portal vein and left portal vein
69
What are the branches of the left portal vein?
lateral left portal vein and medial left portal vein
70
What are the branches of the right portal vein?
anterior right portal vein and posterior right portal vein
71
The superior and inferior mesenteric veins drain?
the intestines
72
The portal vein has a waveform _____ the baseline
above
73
The normal main portal vein exhibits _______ flow.
hepatopetal
74
True or False: the CBD will light up with color doppler
False; avascular
75
True or False: the CBD will light up with color doppler
False; avascular
76
The MPV is _______ to the IVC
anterior
77
The CBD is _______ to the IVC
anterior
78
The CBD is ________ to the MPV
anterior
79
The MPV is ________ to the CBD.
posterior
80
What makes up the portal triad?
The CHA, CBD, and MPV
81
The sample gate should be as _____ as possible
small
82
Extremities have what type of blood flow?
High Resistance
83
What is a TIPS?
transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt
84
What does a TIPS do?
fixes reversed blood flow
85
Why does the hepatic vein waveform appear disrupted?
close proximity to the heart

Abdomenopelvic (7 decks)

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