Vasculature, Lymphatics, Innervation

Question 1

What vertebral level is the celiac trunk at?

Answer 1

T12/L1

Question 2

What verebral level is the SMA at?

Answer 2

L1

Question 3

What vertebral level is the IMA at?

Answer 3

L3

Question 4

What comes off the aorta at L1/L2?

Answer 4

the renal artery

Question 5

The aorta bifurcates at what vertebral level?

Answer 5

L4 (bi”four”cation)

Question 6

List the paired arteries come off the aorta, superiorly to inferiorly?

Answer 6

• inferior phrenic (suprarenal)
• middle suprarenal
• renal
• four pairs of lumbar arteries
• testicular/ovarian
• median sacral

Question 7

The aorta bifurcates into what two arteries?

Answer 7

the left and right common iliac arteries

Question 8

What artery sometimes compromises the renal vein?

Answer 8

the SMA

Question 9

The IVC sits on which side of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 9

the right

Question 10

The celiac trunk gives off what branches?

Answer 10

• left gastric
• common hepatic
• splenic

Question 11

Where does the celiac trunk come off the abdominal aorta relative to the pancreas?

Answer 11

just above the neck of the pancreas

Question 12

The left gastric artery gives off what two branches?

Answer 12

• esophageal branch

- left gastric artery supplying the lesser curvature

Question 13

Which gastric arteries anastomose?

Answer 13

• the right and left gastric arteries

- the right and left gastro-omental arteries

Question 14

Describe the path of the splenic artery.

Answer 14

• along the superior border of the pancreas

- through the splenorenal ligament to hilum of spleen

Question 15

What three branches come off the splenic artery before it enters the hilum of the spleen?

Answer 15

• pancreatic branches
• short gastric arteries
• left gastro-omental artery

Question 16

Where does the common hepatic artery bifurcate?

Answer 16

at the pylorus

Question 17

The common hepatic artery bifurcates into what two arteries?

Answer 17

• hepatic proper artery (ascending)

- gastroduodenal artery (descending)

Question 18

The hepatic artery proper branches off into what?

Answer 18

• right gastric
• left hepatic
• right hepatic

Question 19

The superior mesenteric artery branches to the left to give rise to what?

Answer 19

multiple intestinal branches

Question 20

The superior mesenteric artery branches to the right give rise to what arteries in what order?

Answer 20

• middle colic artery
• right colic artery
• ileocolic artery

Question 21

The middle colic artery supplies what?

Answer 21

the transverse colon

Question 22

The right colic artery supplies what?

Answer 22

the ascending colon

Question 23

Describe the branching of arteries off the inferior mesenteric artery.

Answer 23

• left colic first
• then 3-4 sigmoid arteries
• becomes the superior rectal artery

Question 24

After branching into several sigmoid arteries, the inferior mesenteric artery becomes what?

Answer 24

the superior rectal artery

Question 25

The transverse colon is supplied by what arteries?

Answer 25

the middle colic and left colic

Question 26

The IMA anastomoses with what major artery?

Answer 26

the internal iliac

Question 27

The portal vein is formed from what?

Answer 27

the splenic vein and SMV

Question 28

The IMV empties into what vessel?

Answer 28

the splenic vein (60% of the time) or the SMV (40% of the time)

Question 29

Name the four plexuses that allow anastomosis between the portal vein and systemic veins.

Answer 29

- esophageal plexus - paraumbilical plexus - rectal plexuses - retroperitoneal plexus

Question 30

What is the paraumbilical plexus?

Answer 30

an obliterated vessel that can be re-channelized if portal hypertension grows

Question 31

Caput medusa results from portal hypertension and what anastomotic connection?

Answer 31

the paraumbilical plexus

Question 32

Portal hypertension causes what sort of hemorrhoids?

Answer 32

internal

Question 33

Why does portal hypertension cause internal hemorrhoids rather than external ones?

Answer 33

because the internal rectal plexus anastomoses with the portal hepatic vein

Question 34

The external rectal plexus drains into what venous system?

Answer 34

the internal iliac vein

Question 35

All abdominal lymphatics drain upward to the ____.

Answer 35

cisterna chyli

Question 36

The cisterna chyli drains into what structure?

Answer 36

the thoracic duct

Question 37

What are the three lymphatic trunks?

Answer 37

intestinal, right lumbar, left lumbar

Question 38

Which organs drain into the left lumbar lymphatic trunk?

Answer 38

the hindgut organs and pelvic organs

Question 39

Most GI organ sensory organ is carried through the (parasympathetic/sympathetic) division.

Answer 39

sympathetic

Question 40

Which organs might have some sensory information carried via the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

Answer 40

pelvic organs

Question 41

Which division of the ANS has long preganglionic nerve fibers?

Answer 41

parasympathetic

Question 42

The greater splanchnic nerves synapse in what abdominal ganglion?

Answer 42

celiac

Question 43

The lesser splanchnic nerves synapse in what abdominal ganglion?

Answer 43

superior mesenteric

Question 44

The least splanchnic nerves synapse in what abdominal ganglion?

Answer 44

inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 45

Lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves pass through what ganglion?

Answer 45

superior and inferior hypogastric plexus

Question 46

Visceral innervation of the organs comes from what two parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 46

- vagus nerve | - pelvic splanchnic nerve

Question 47

The pelvic splanchnic nerve supplies parasympathetic visceral innervation to what orgnas?

Answer 47

hindgut organs

Question 48

What mix in nerve plexi?

Answer 48

parasympathetic preganglionic nerves with sympathetic postganglionic nerves