Vasculature, nervous supply, stretch reflex of the bladder

Question 1

where does the bladder primarily receives its vasculature from?

Answer 1

the internal iliac vessels

Question 2

where is arterial supply to the bladder derived from?

Answer 2

by the superior vesical branch of the internal iliac artery

Question 3

which artery supplements the internal iliac artery in males?

Answer 3

supplemented by the inferior vesical artery

Question 4

which artery supplements the internal iliac artery in females?

Answer 4

by the vaginal arteries

Question 5

In both sexes, which arteries also contribute small branches to the arterial supply of bladder?

Answer 5

the obturator and inferior gluteal arteries also contribute small branches

Question 6

how is venous drainage of the bladder achieved by?

Answer 6

by the vesical venous plexus

Question 7

what does the vesical venous plexus empty into?

Answer 7

internal iliac vein

Question 8

what is the internal iliac vein also known as?

Answer 8

the hypogastric vein

Question 9

what is neurological input of the bladder from?

Answer 9

the bladder receives input from both the autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and somatic arms of the nervous system

Question 10

via what does the sympathetic nervous system communicates with the bladder?

Answer 10

via the hypogastric nerve

Question 11

nerve roots of hypogastric nerve?

Answer 11

T12-L2

Question 12

what does the hypogastric nerve cause?

Answer 12

relaxation of the detrusor muscle

Question 13

what does relaxation of detrusor muscle promote?

Answer 13

urine retention

Question 14

what does the parasympathetic nervous system communicate with the bladder via?

Answer 14

the pelvic nerve

Question 15

nerve roots of pelvic nerve?

Answer 15

S2-S4

Question 16

what does increased signal from the pelvic nerve cause?

Answer 16

causes contraction of the detrusor muscle

Question 17

what does contraction of the detrusor muscle cause?

Answer 17

stimulates micturition

Question 18

what does the somatic nervous supply give us (in terms of the bladder)?

Answer 18

gives us voluntary control over micturition

Question 19

what does the somatic nervous supply innervate in the bladder? via what?

Answer 19

the external urethral sphincter, via the pudendal nerve

Question 20

what are the nerve roots of the pudendal nerve?

Answer 20

S2-S4

Question 21

what can somatic nervous supply via pudendal nerve cause the bladder?

Answer 21

It can cause it to constrict (storage phase) or relax (micturition)

Question 22

In addition to the efferent nerves supplying the bladder, what else is present? function?

Answer 22

there are sensory (afferent) nerves that report to the brain

Question 23

where are the sensory (afferent) nerves found? function?

Answer 23

found in the bladder wall and signal the need to urinate when the bladder becomes full

Question 24

what type of reflex is the bladder stretch reflex?

Answer 24

a primitive spinal reflex

Question 25

what happens during the bladder stretch reflex?

Answer 25

micturition is stimulated in response to stretch

Question 26

what type of reflex is the bladder stretch reflex similar (an analogous) to? example?

Answer 26

It is analogous to a muscle spinal reflex, such as the patella reflex

Question 27

what happens to the control of the bladder during toilet training in infants?

Answer 27

this spinal reflex is overridden by the higher centers of the brain, to give voluntary control over micturition

Question 28

what happens to the bladder when it fills with urine?

Answer 28

the bladder walls stretch

Question 29

what happens as the bladder walls start to stretch?

Answer 29

Sensory nerves detect stretch and transmit this information to the spinal cord

Question 30

what happens as the information is transmitted to the spinal cord?

Answer 30

Interneurons within the spinal cord relay the signal to the parasympathetic efferents (the pelvic nerve)

Question 31

what does the Interneurons within the spinal cord relay the signal to the parasympathetic efferents via?

Answer 31

the pelvic nerve

Question 32

what does the pelvic nerve act to do?

Answer 32

to contract the detrusor muscle, and stimulate micturition

Question 33

describe the reflex arc of the bladder

Answer 33

Bladder fills with urine, and the bladder walls stretch. Sensory nerves detect stretch and transmit this information to the spinal cord. Interneurons within the spinal cord relay the signal to the parasympathetic efferents (the pelvic nerve). The pelvic nerve acts to contract the detrusor muscle, and stimulate micturition

Question 34

when is the bladder stretch reflex non-functional?

Answer 34

post childhood

Question 35

when does the bladder stretch reflex need to be considered?

Answer 35

in spinal injuries and in neurodegenerative diseases

Question 36

why does the bladder stretch reflex need to be considered during spinal injuries?

Answer 36

the descending inhibition cannot reach the bladder

Question 37

why does the bladder stretch reflex need to be considered during neurodegenerative diseases?

Answer 37

the brain is unable to generate inhibition