Vasculitis Flashcards

(40 cards)

1
Q

What is vasculitis?

A

Name of inflammation of blood vessels

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2
Q

How is vasculitis categorized?

A

On whether small, medium or large vessels are affected

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3
Q

Types of vasculitis which affects small vessels?

A
  • Henoch-Schonlein purpura
  • Eosinophilic granulomatosis + polyangitis
  • Microscopic polyangitis
  • Granulomatosis + polyangitis
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4
Q

What is Eosinophilic granulomatosis + polyangitis AKA?

A

Churg-Strauss syndrome

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5
Q

Another name for granulomatosis & polyangitis?

A

Wegner’s granulomatosis

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6
Q

Vasculitis affecting medium vessels?

A
  • Polyarteritis nodosa
  • Eosinophilic granulomatosis + polyangitis
  • Kawasaki disease
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7
Q

Vasculitis affecting large vessels?

A
  • Giant cell arteritis

- Takayosu’s arteritis

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8
Q

Presnetation of vasculitis?

A
  • Purpura
  • Joint & muscle pain
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Renal impairment
  • GI disturbance
  • Anterior uveitis & sclertis
  • HT
  • Fatigue, fever, wt loss, anorexia, anaemia
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9
Q

Investigation of vasculitis?

A
  • Inflamm markers (ESR, CRP)

- ANCA

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10
Q

What is the big marker for vasculitis?

A

ANCA

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11
Q

What does ANCA stand for?

A

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic ABs

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12
Q

How many types of ANCA are there?

A

2 types
p-ANCA
c-ANCA

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13
Q

What is p-ANCA associated with?

A

Microscopic polyangitis + Churg Strauss syndrome

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14
Q

c-ANCA associated with?

A

Wegner’s granulomatosis

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15
Q

Usual treatment of vasculitis?

A

Steroids

Immunosuppression

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16
Q

What type of steroids do you use for vasculitis?

A

Oral (prednisolone)
IV (Hydrocortisone)
Nasal spray

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17
Q

What is Henoch-Schonken Purpura (HSP)?

A

IgA Vasculitis

18
Q

Who usually gets HSP?

A

Children under 10 years

19
Q

Why does inflammation occur in HSP?

A

Due to IgA deposits in blood vessels of organs affected (skin, kidneys, GI tract)

20
Q

What is HSP triggered by?

A

Upper airway infection or gastroenteritis

21
Q

What is the rash in HSP caused by?

A

Inflammation & leaking of blood from small blood vessels under skin= purpura

22
Q

Presentation of HSP?

A
  • Purpuric rash affecting lower limbs & buttocks on children
  • Joint pain
  • Abdo pain
  • Renal involvement
  • IgA nephritis
23
Q

Management of HSP?

A

Supportive- analgesia, rest, hydration

24
Q

What is eosinophilic Granulomatosis with polyangitis?

A
  • Used to be called Churg-Strauss syndrome

- Small/medium vessel vasculitis

25
Features of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis?
- Skin & lung problems - Severe asthma in late teenager - Elevated eosinophil levels on FBC
26
What is Wegner's granulomatosis?
- Small vessels | - Affects resp tract & kidneys
27
Features of Wegner's granulomatosis?
- Commonly caused by nose bleeds & crusting nasal secretions - Hearing loss & sinusitis - Saddle shaped nose - Cough/wheeze & haemoptysis - CXR showing consolidation may be misdiagnosed as pneumonia - Kidneys: can cause rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
28
What does polyarteritis Nodosa affect?
Affects vessels in skin, GI, kidneys and heart | Medium vessels
29
What is polyarteritis nodosa associated with?
Hep B | -Can also be idiopathic or with Hep C or HIV
30
Features of polyarteritis nodosa?
Stroke MI Renal impairment Livedo reticulans
31
What is livedo reticulans?
Mottled, purplish, lace like rash
32
What does Kawasaki disease affect?
Medium vessels
33
Who is affected by Kawasaki disease?
Young children under 5 ears old
34
Presentation of Kawasaki disease?
- Persistent high fever - Bilateral conjunctivitis - Erythematosus rash - Erythema & desquamation of palms & soles - STRAWBERRY TONGUE
35
Complication of Kawasaki disease?
Coronary artery aneurysms
36
Management of Kawasaki disease?
Aspirin | IV Immunoglobulins
37
What is takoyasus arteritis?
Large vessel vasculitis | Mainly affect saorta and branches + pulmonary arteries
38
What is Takoyasus AKA?
Pulseless disease (vessels can swell and form aneurysms
39
How does pulseless disease present?
Before 40 Non-specific symptoms such as fever, malaise, muscle aches, Specific: arm claudication, syncope
40
Investigations for Takoyasus arteritis?
CT MRI angiography Doppler US of carotids can be useful