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ICU Peals > Vasopressors (Part 1) > Flashcards

Vasopressors (Part 1) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the typical concentration of Neosynephrine?

A

40mg in 250 mL

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2
Q

What is the standard effective dose of Neosynephrine?

A

50-200 mcg/min

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3
Q

What is the onset time for Neo-synephrine?

A

1 minute

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4
Q

What is Vasopressin commonly referred to as?

A

Vaso

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5
Q

When did Vasopressin start being used to treat shock?

A

2001

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6
Q

What is Vasopressin often used as?

A

Second-line treatment

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7
Q

What system does Vasopressin impact to increase blood pressure?

A

Arginine-vasopressin system (AVP)

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8
Q

What receptor site does Vasopressin act on?

A

V1 receptor site

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9
Q

What system does vasopressin impact to increase blood pressure?

A

Arginine-vasopressin system (AVS)

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10
Q

What is the primary action of vasopressin?

A

Agonist at v1 receptor sites to cause smooth muscle contraction

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11
Q

What is the effect of AT2 (Angiotensin II) receptor activation?

A

Peripheral vessel constriction

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12
Q

What is an agonist?

A

A substance that fully activates the receptor to which it binds.

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13
Q

What is Levophed commonly known as?

A

Norepinephrine.

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14
Q

When was Levophed first approved for use as a medication?

A

In the 1950s.

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15
Q

What is Levophed commonly referred to as?

A

Levo

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16
Q

What type of agent is Levophed?

A

Direct acting vasopressor

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17
Q

What is the primary receptor that Levophed activates?

A

Alpha-1 receptor

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18
Q

Does Levophed have effects on Beta-1 receptors?

A

Yes

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19
Q

What are the effects of Levophed on blood vessels?

A

Equal veno and arterial constriction

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20
Q

What can extravasation of Levophed cause?

A

Tissue necrosis and limb ischemia

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21
Q

What is the typical concentration of Levophed?

A

4mg in 250 mL

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22
Q

What is the standard effective dose of Levophed?

A

1-12 mcg/min

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23
Q

What is the onset time for Levophed?

A

1 minute

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24
Q

How often should Levophed dose changes be made?

A

Every 3 to 5 minutes

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25
What is Neosynephrine also known as?
Phenylephrine
26
What is the standard effective dose of vasopressin?
0.01-0.04 units/min
27
How long does it take for vasopressin to have an onset?
5 to 15 minutes
28
Is vasopressin titrated during administration?
No, it's either on or off
29
What is the common name for epinephrine?
Epi
30
What type of agonist is epinephrine?
Non-selective agonist of all adrenergic receptors
31
What is the typical concentration of epinephrine?
1 mg in 250 mL
32
What is the standard effective dose for epinephrine?
1-10 mcg/min
33
What is the onset time for epinephrine?
1 to 2 minutes
34
How often should epinephrine be titrated?
Every 5 to 10 minutes
35
What is the renal dose range for dopamine?
0.5 to 2 mcg/kg/min
36
What dose range of dopamine has an inotropic effect?
5 to 10 mcg/kg/min
37
What dose range of dopamine acts more as an alpha agonist?
10 to 20 mcg/kg/min
38
What is the onset time for dopamine?
About 5 minutes
39
What is the range where dopamine acts more adrenergically?
10 to 20
40
What is the onset time for dopamine?
About five minutes
41
How often should dopamine be titrated?
Every 10 minutes
42
What is Giapreza?
Synthetic angiotensin-2 in IV form
43
When was Giapreza approved for use?
2017
44
What system does Giapreza activate?
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
45
Which receptors does Giapreza activate?
AT2 receptors
46
What is the primary action of Giapreza?
Causes arterial vasoconstriction
47
What can reduce the effects of Giapreza?
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
48
What are the two typical concentrations of Giapreza?
2.5 mg in 250 mL (high) and 2.5 mg in 500 mL (standard)
49
What is the standard effective dose for Giapreza?
20-80 nanograms/kg/min (0.02-0.08 mcgs)
50
What is the onset time for Giapreza?
About five minutes
51
How often should Giapreza be titrated?
Every five minutes
52
What is Levophed also known as?
Norepinephrine
53
What type of agonist is Levophed?
Strong alpha agonist with beta-1 effects
54
What effect does Levophed have on SVR?
Strongly increases SVR
55
What is Neosynephrine?
A pure alpha agonist
56
How does Neosynephrine affect contractility?
No impact on contractility
57
What receptor does vasopressin agonize?
V1 receptor
58
What is the effect of vasopressin on heart rate?
No impact on heart rate
59
What type of agonist is epinephrine?
Non-selective adrenergic agonist
60
What receptors does epinephrine affect?
Alpha, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors
61
How does dopamine act based on dosage?
Dose-dependent effects
62
What type of agonist is dopamine?
Strong alpha and beta-1 agonist
63
What type of agonist is typically a strong alpha agonist?
Strong beta-1 agonist with impact on beta-2 receptors.
64
What effect does Giapreza have on receptors?
It is an AT2 agonist with no effects on alpha or beta receptors.
65
What is the impact of Giapreza on patients' SVR?
It has a decent effect on patients' SVR but no impact on heart rate and contractility.
66
What is the main function of vasopressors?
To constrict blood vessels, increase blood pressure, and enhance tissue perfusion.
67
Why is it important to know the dosages of vasopressors?
Different mechanisms of action and receptor impacts require knowledge of concentrations and dosages for patient management.
68
What will the next lesson focus on?
It will discuss additional important information regarding vasopressors.
69
What previous series of lessons did the speaker cover?
The endocrine system and various disorders related to patients.
70
What type of receptor agonist is Neosynephrine?
Pure alpha receptor agonist
71
What side effect can Neosynephrine cause?
Baroreceptor mediated reflex bradycardia
72
What are vasopressors commonly referred to as?
Pressors
73
What do vasopressors primarily activate?
Adrenergic receptors
74
What do vasopressors increase in patients?
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
75
What is the normal range for SVR?
600-1200 dynes/s/cm-5
76
What does SVR measure?
Afterload
77
What is the formula for cardiac output?
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV)
78
What are the three components of stroke volume?
Preload, contractility, afterload
79
How do pressors affect heart rate?
They can increase heart rate
80
How can pressors temporarily affect preload?
By increasing venous constriction
81
What is the primary focus when determining a patient's cardiac output?
The impact on the patient's afterload or systemic vascular resistance (SVR).
82
What is the goal of increasing afterload or SVR in patients?
To increase tissue perfusion, especially in end organs.
83
What type of patients are vasopressors primarily used on?
Hypotensive patients and those in shock.
84
What are the two main groups of adrenergic receptors?
Alpha receptors and beta receptors.
85
Which alpha receptor is primarily focused on in vasopressors?
Alpha-1 receptors.
86
What is the function of alpha-1 receptors?
Responsible for smooth muscle contraction.
87
What are the three types of beta receptors?
Beta-1, beta-2, and beta-3 receptors.
88
Where are beta-1 receptors located?
In the heart.
89
Where are beta-2 receptors located?
In the lungs.
90
What happens when beta-1 receptors are activated?
Increase in heart rate (positive chronotropic effect) and contractility (positive inotropic effect).
91
What is the effect of beta-2 receptor activation?
Smooth muscle cell relaxation within the lungs.
92
What activates V1 receptors?
Vasopressin.
93
What is the effect of V1 receptor activation?
Smooth muscle contraction.
94
What activates AT2 receptors?
Angiotensin-2.
95
What is an antagonist?
A substance that does not activate the receptor and can block the effects of an agonist.

ICU Peals (3 decks)

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