Venous Thrombosis

Question 1

What is venous thrombosis initiated by? Define:

• thrombus
• embolus
• venous thromboembolism (VTE)
• thrombophlebitis

Answer 1

Lecture 9, slide 8

Question 2

Discuss the pathology of pulmonary embolisms, systemic embolisms and other emboli?

Answer 2

Lecture 9, slide 9

Question 3

What is the difference between arterial and venous thrombosis?

Answer 3

Lecture 9, slide 10

Question 4

What is haemostasis? What are the steps of haemostais?

Answer 4

Lecture 9, slide 11

Question 5

What is blood clotting? What is the aim of blood clotting? What is is mediated by and what is it a target of?

Answer 5

Lecture 9, slide 13

Question 6

How are fibrin strands formed in blood clotting?

Answer 6

Lecture 9, slide 14

Question 7

In what ways can thrombin be activated?

Answer 7

Lecture 9, slide 15-16

Question 8

How is clotting regulated?

Answer 8

Lecture 9, slide 17-18

Question 9

What is anti thrombin III? What are the consequences of ATIII deficiency in vitro, in vivo and clinically?

Answer 9

Lecture 9, slide 19-22

Question 10

What is the role of thrombomodulin?

Answer 10

Lecture 9, slide 24

Question 11

What is activated C protein?

Answer 11

Lecture 9, slide 25

Question 12

Where does venous thrombosis occur? What is an embolism?

Answer 12

Lecture 9, slide 29-30

Question 13

What are some risk factors for venous thrombosis?

Answer 13

Lecture 9, slide 32

Question 14

Discuss the meaning of relative risk numbers.

Answer 14

Lecture 9, slide 36

Question 15

What are some genes associated with venous thrombosis risk?

Answer 15

Lecture 9, slide 37-38

Question 16

How does GWAS work?

Answer 16

Lecture 9, slide 39

Question 17

What effect may cancer have on the coagulation cascade?

Answer 17

Lecture 9, slide 40

Question 18

Discuss the association between cancer/cancer treatments and VTE.

Answer 18

Lecture 9, slide 42

Question 19

Suggest explanations for the association between cancer and VTE

Answer 19

Lecture 9, slide 43-44

Question 20

How may VTE be prevented in cancer patients?

Answer 20

Lecture 9, slide 46

Question 21

What is the pathogenesis of cardioembolic stroke?

Answer 21

Lecture 9, slide 48

Question 22

How may venous thrombosis be prevented in patients with atrial fibrillation?

Answer 22

Lecture 9, slide 50

Question 23

What are some current anticoagulants used for the treatment and prevention of VTE?

Answer 23

Lecture 9, slide 53

Question 24

What is heparin?

Answer 24

Lecture 9, slide 54

Question 25

What forms does heparin come in?

Answer 25

Lecture 9, slide 55

Question 26

Discuss the applications of heparin and its potential problems.

Answer 26

Lecture 9, slide 56

Question 27

Suggest an alternative to heparin.

Answer 27

Lecture 9, slide 57

Question 28

What is the function of warfarin?

Answer 28

Lecture 9, slide 59-62

Question 29

When is warfarin used?

Answer 29

Lecture 9, slide 63

Question 30

What are some disadvantages of warfarin?

Answer 30

Lecture 9, slide 64

Question 31

Why do we need alternatives to warfarin? Suggest alternatives to warfarin.

Answer 31

Lecture 9, slide 65-67

Question 32

What is Virchow's Triad?

Answer 32

``` Lecture 9, slide 70 Factors that promote thrombosis: -endothelial injury/vessel wall damage -haemostasis/changes in blood flow -hypercoagulation/changes in blood constituents ```

Question 33

What can cause changes in the vessel wall//endothelial injury?

Answer 33

Lecture 9, slide 71

Question 34

What changes in blood flow can promote thrombosis?

Answer 34

Lecture 9, slide 72

Question 35

What changes in blood constituents can promote thrombosis?

Answer 35

Lecture 9, slide 73

Question 36

What is the difference between a red and white thrombus?

Answer 36

Lecture 9, slide 74

Question 37

What drugs can be used to treat clotting disorders?

Answer 37

Lecture 9, slide 75