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Anesthesia Concepts > Ventilators And Airway Monitors > Flashcards

Ventilators And Airway Monitors Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Modern vents
4 phases
Classified by what

A

Inspiration, transition to expiration, expiration, transition to inspiration

Inspiratory phase characteristics, method of cycling

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2
Q

Expiration depends on what

A

Doesnt depend on vent, is passive, depends on airway resistance and lung compliance

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3
Q 
Inspiratory characteristics
Constant flow 
Delivers what regardless of what 
High p gas source
Low p gas source
A

Constant ins gas flow regardless of circuit pressure
Ins flow constant despite changes w resistance or compliance
Varies to some degree w airway pressure

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4
Q

Non constant flow charac

A

Varies flow w inspiratory cycle

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5
Q

Constant pressure generators do what, flow stops when

A

Maintains constant airway pressure through inspiration regardless of insp gas flow. Flow ceases when airway pressure equals set insp pressure

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6
Q

Time cycled
What it is
How to calculate TV

A

Cycles from exp phase once time interval elapses from start of insp
Tidal volume is product of ins time and ins flow rate

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7
Q

Volume cycled
What it is
TV affected how

A

Terminates ins when preset TV is delivered. Most adult vents are set to this but have another limit on ins pressure to prevent barotrauma

%always lost to compliance of system. Usually 4-5cc/cmh2o

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8
Q

Difference between anesthesia and icu vents

A

Anesthesia: gas never reaches pt, modes are what drives vent not the gas

In icu gas that drives vent is what reaches pt

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9
Q

Power source

3 types

A

Compressed gas only
Piston power only
Compressible bellows gas and power

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10
Q

2 types of drive mechanisms

Types of bellows and what drives them

A

Double circuit bellows compressed by driving gas and pneumatically driven

Piston bellows compressed by electricity

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11
Q

Most vents are ___ cycled, ___ controlled, with a __ __ aspect

A

Timed, electronically, volume limiting

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12
Q

Bellows
Direction of bellows during __ determines classification

Ascending vs descending

A

Expiration

Ascending ascend on exp
Descending descend on exp

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13
Q

What kind of bellows aren’t safe

A

Hanging bellows, gravity

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14
Q

Volume expressed in what, what for minute volume

Avg for small or normal person

A

Mls, Ls

400-500, 600 mls

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15
Q

Pressure
Defined as what
Where its encountered
Expressed in what

A

Impedance to gas flow rate: breathing circuit, pt airway/lungs

Backpressure: airway resistance, lung-thorax compliance

Cmh20, mmhg, kpa

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16
Q 
Flow rate 
What it is 
Where it is 
Referees to \_\_\_change/time 
Expressed in what
A

Rate at which gas volume delivered to pt
Pt connection of breathing system to the pt
Volume
L/sec, LPM

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17
Q

Bellows separate what

During ins phase the driving gas enters ___ and does what

A

Driving gas from pt gas circuit

Chamber, increases pressure

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18
Q

Increase in pressure during ins phase:

What 2 things happen

A

Ventilator relief valve closes so no gas can escape into scavenger

Bellows compressed and gas in bellows delivered to pt

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19
Q

During expiration

Drive gas exits where, what happens to pressure and relief valve

A

Bellows chamber, decreases to zero, opens

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20
Q

During expiration

Exhaled pt gas fills ___ before any ___ occurs because valve ball does what, scavenging only occurs when

A

Bellows, scavenging, produces back pressure, bellows filled completely

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21
Q

Relief valve is only open when, and what happens at this point

A

Expiration, scavenging

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22
Q

How to calculate pt tv through bellows

Study These Flashcards
A

TV bellow + fresh gas flow - compressed circuit volume

23
Q

Tidal volume
__ ml/kg

Rr __-__

Flow rate = what

Study These Flashcards
A

10-15

8-12

4-6 x minute ventilation

24
Q

How to calc minute ventilation

How to calc time spent on inspiration

Study These Flashcards
A

TV X RR

TV/flow rate

25
How to calc TE
1. Breaths per min, then find how many sec per 1 breath | 2. Do that many seconds - ins time
26
Inspiratory pause/sigh - does what - what happens - volume of gas to pt held in lungs until what
Inhalation time increased by 25% Flow of drive gas stops, pressure in bellows stays same Until exhalation
27
Set inspiratory pressure limit to what
35-40
28
Fio2 | How to calc oxygen delivery
Co x o2 content
29
How to calculate oxygen content
Hgb x%sat x 1.39 ml o2 | + pa02 x .0031 ml 02
30
Hypoventilation: reduces ___ except when pt breathes oxygen ``` Pao2= ___-___/ __+__ R= what F= what ```
Pao2 Pio2- paco2/ r + f ``` R= extraction ratio (0.8) F= correction factor, small ```
31
Every time you increase ___ by __% you increase pao2 by ___mmHg
FiO2, 10 | 50
32
Low pressure alarm detected by a drop in __ __ pressure Sub atmospheric pressure alarm of ___ cm h20
Peak circuit -10
33
Alarm for sustained pressure alarm of ___ cm h20 for more than __ secs
-15, 10
34
High peak airway pressure alarm detects excess pressure in system activated by ___ cm h20 or set by practitioner. What if kid
60, 35
35
Low ___ __ alarm Ventilator setting alarm, vents inability to deliver desired __
Oxygen supply MV
36
What is best for revealing a disconnect, and gold standard for how much you're ventilating
ETCO2
37
Etco2 ___ what's happening in blood
Underestimates
38
What is most imp monitor on the machine, calibrate at what
Oxygen analyzer 21% o2
39
Respirometer ___ __ and tidal volume __ __ Gas flow converted to what Cartridge in which limb
Transducer cartridge, sensor clip Electrical pulses Expiratory
40
Exhaled vt to expect to measure is | Vt= ___ + ____ - ___
Vt set on vent + vt fresh gas flow - vt lost in system
41
Which monitor activated once breaths sensed, always active while mechanically venting
Exhaled volume
42
Reverse flow alarms when Apnea alarms when
Flow toward pt If insufficient breath based on TV setting not achieved in 30 sec
43
ICU vents more ___ than OR ones. Allow for greater __ __ and ___ __ Other changes
Powerful Inspiratory pressures and tidal volumes Co2 absorber, more modes, gas supplied by vent directly vents pt in icu
44
Icu vents: ___ essential in anesthesia ones and not as much in icu
Bellows
45
Modes of ventilation | 2
CV- controlled vent | IMV- vent delivers preset volume at specific interval, continuous flow of gas for spont vent
46
AC mode does what
Intermittent positive pressure. Pts insp effort creates sub baseline pressure in insp limb of vent that triggers vent to deliver a predetermined TV
47
AC- all breaths are what, can be controlled how
Full assisted vent breaths Pressure or volume
48
How pressure support did from IMV What goal of PS is
Airway pressure held constant in inspiratory pressure Increase pt spont TV by delivering pressure to achieve 10-12 ml/kg volumes. Decreases WOB and muscle fatigue
49
High frequency vent Low __ __, less than __ __, rate __-__ Typical settings
Tidal volumes, dead space, 60-300 100-200 BP IT 33% 15-30 PSI drive pressure
50
Goal of high freq vent
Maintain pulm gas exchange at lower means airway pressures
51
Pressure control vent | __ or __ triggered, __ limited, __-cycled
Pt or time, pressure, time
52
Pressure control vent __ __ decreases as airway pressure rises and creases when airway pressure = the set peak __ __ __ not fixed When its used
Gas flow, inflation pressure TV Pressures can be high, neonate and premies
53
CPAP | In 1 lung anesthesia, giving CPAP to which lung and PEEP to which
Cpap to up lung, peep to down lung
54
If pressures greater than what cpap can cause regurg and aspiration
15 cm h2o

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