Ventillation Flashcards
(26 cards)
During Inspiration what is pressure like?
Air moves down a pressure gradient (high to low pressure)
Describe what happens during inspiration
•Diaphragm moves down and contracts
•external intercostal muscles contract and expand pulling rib cage out
•thoracic cavity volume increases
What is the pressure like during expiration?
Air moves down a pressure gradient ( from high in lungs to low in atmosphere)
Describe what happens during expiration
•thoracic cavity volume decreases
•external intercostal muscles relax pulling rib cage down
• internal intercostal muscles contract
•diaphragm relaxes moves in
what can help with ventilation
A mechanical ventilator can be given if struggling with breathing. Most likely if you have muscle weakness or severe lung infection
Describe diffusion of O2 from alveoli to capillaries
Oxygen in the alveoli diffuse through the squamous epithelial cell and the endothelial wall. This gives a short diffusion pathway. The oxygen moves from a high concentration gradient to a low concentration gradient therefore a move down a concentration gradient.
Describe how carbon dioxide diffuses into alveoli
There is a higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the capillaries compared to the alveoli therefore carbon dioxide move down a concentration gradient. The carbon dioxide diffuses through the squamous epithelial cell and endothelial wall and into the alveoli, This is a short diffusion pathway.
How is a concentration gradient maintained?
Through circulation of blood by the heart and ventilation
What is the equation for respiratory minute volume?
Respiratory minute volume = ventilation rate X tidal volume
What is tidal volume?
Tidal volume is the natural breathing volume. The normal breathing in and out.
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
This is the maximum you breathe in
What is expiratory reserve volume?
The maximum we breathe out
What is vital capacity?
This is the inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume altogether.
What is residual?
The leftover air that prevents the alveoli from collapsing.
Trachea
transports air from mouth to lungs
Structure of the trachea
Has cartilage (holds airways open to prevent it from collapsing), smooth muscle (contracts), epithelial tissue (ciliated epithelium cells and goblet cells)
Bronchi
Transports air to each lung
Structure of bronchi
Cartilage, epithelium tissue (goblet and squamous epithelial cells), smooth muscle
Bronchioles
Transports air to alveoli
Structure of bronchioles
Lined with ciliated epithelial cells and smooth muscle
Structure of alveoli
Lined with squamous epithelial cells and elastin
Intercostal muscles
Are muscles in between ribs
Diaphragm
Muscle that contracts and flattens and relaxes and moves up (increases and decreases thoracic cavity volume)
Pleural membrane
Situated with one side of lungs and other side on body cavity
