Verb Tenses

Question 1

Present Tense
- When used (2)
- Key words

Answer 1

1) Current Actions or
2) Habitual Actions

• Haabitualmente
• Sempre
• x vezes por semana
• Nunca
• As vezes
• Normalmente

Question 2

Present Tense
- How Formed
- Conjugation

Answer 2

Stem + AR ER IR
Eu o o o
Tu as es es
Ele a e e
Nós amos emos imos
Eles am em em

Question 3

Present Continuous (ing)
- When used
- Key words

Answer 3

Action taking place at moment

• Agora
• Neste momento

Question 4

Present Continuous (ing)
- How Formed

Answer 4

Estar: conjugated (present)
+ a + infinitive

“Estamos a comer”

-estou, estás, está, estamos, estão

Question 5

Alternative Infinitives:
Did Something Again
- How Formed

Answer 5

Voltar: conjugated (past)
+ a + Infinitive

“Eu Voltei a passar”

-voltei, voltaste, voltou, voltámos, voltaram

Question 6

Alternative Infinitives:
Have been doing lately
Started in past, & continues in present

• How Formed
• Conjugation

Answer 6

Andar: Conjugated (present)
+ a + Infinitive

“Eu ando a estudar à noite”

• ando, andas, anda, andamos, andam

Question 7

Alternative Infinitives:
Started doing something differently

• How Formed
• Conjugation

Answer 7

Passar: Conjugated (past)
+ a + Infinitive

“Eu passei a estudar mais depois do secundário”

• passei, passaste, passou, passámos, passaram

Question 8

Alternative Infinitives:
Stopped doing something

• How Formed
• Conjugation

Answer 8

Deixar: Conjugated (past)
+ a + Infinitive

“Tu deixaste de vir cá a casa”

• deixei, deixaste, deixou, deixámos, deixaram

Question 9

Alternative Infinitives:
Continued doing something

• How Formed
• Conjugation

Answer 9

Continuar: Conjugated (past)
+ a + Infinitive

“Ele continuou a ir lá a casa”

• continuei, continuaste, continuou, continuámos, continuaram

Question 10

Past Tense
Pretérito Perfeito
- When used
- Key words

Answer 10

Action specific moment in past

• Ontem
• Na semana passada
• No ano passado

Question 11

Past Tense
Pretérito Perfeito

• How Formed
• Conjugation

Answer 11

Stem + AR ER IR
Eu ei i i
Tu aste este iste
Ele ou eu iu
Nós amos emos imos
Eles aram eram iram

Question 12

Future Tense
- When used
- Key Words

Answer 12

Action has not taken place yet

• amanhã
• na próxima semana
• no próxima ano

Question 13

Future Tense
- How Formed
- Conjugation

Answer 13

Infinitive+ AR ER IR
Eu ei ei ei
Tu ás ás ás
Ele á á á
Nós emos emos emos
Eles ão ão ão

Question 14

Future (in practice)
- How Formed
- Conjugation

Answer 14

IR: Conjugated (present) + infinitive

“Eu vou jantar a casa amanhã”

• Vou, vais, vai, vamos, vão

Question 15

Imperative
- When used

Answer 15

Commands:
Take the form of orders, advice, requests, or pleas

Question 16

Imperative
- How Formed
- Conjugation

Answer 16

3rd AR ER IR
Tu fala come abre

1st - O + AR ER IR
Tu (neg) es as as
Ele e a a
Eles em am am

Question 17

Imperfect Past Simple
Pretérito Imperfeito
- When used (8)

Answer 17

Polite Requests:
- Poder, querer, desejar, preferir, gostar de
In the Past:
- Occurred frequently
- For long periods
- While (Enquantro) another action was happening
- Hours and age
- Describe things
Unreal or hypothetical situations
Desires or wishes

Question 18

Imperfect Past Simple
Pretérito Imperfeito
- How Formed
- Conjugation

Answer 18

Stem + AR ER IR
Eu ava ia ia
Tu avas ias ias
Ele ava ia ia
Nós ávamos íamos íamos
Eles avam iam iam

Question 19

Conditional
- When used (3)

Answer 19

Polite Requests:
- Poder, querer, desejar, preferir, gostar de

Speak about Wishes

Situations unlikely to occur
- Because they depend on conditions probably not happen

Imperfect can often substitute

Question 20

Conditional
- How Formed
- Conjugation

Answer 20

Infinitive + AR ER IR
Eu ia ia ia
Tu ias ias ias
Ele ia ia ia
Nós íamos íamos íamos
Eles iam iam iam

Question 21

Personal Infinitive
- When used (5)
Subject Determined (2)
Subject Undetermined (3)

Answer 21

Subject Determined:
After: é possível, é importante,
é difícil, é necessário, its …
After: ao, para, por, sem, antes de, depois de, no caso de, ate, etc..
- OR Subject Undetermined
- As imperative
- Equivalent of noun

Question 22

Personal Infinitive
- How Formed
- Conjugation

Answer 22

Infinitive + AR ER IR
Eu — — —
Tu es es es
Ele — — —
Nós mos mos mos
Eles em em em

Question 23

Imperfect Past plus Composite (HAD …)
Pretérito Mais-que-Perfeito Composto
- When used

Answer 23

• Action that HAD happened Before another action in the past
• HAD gone, Had left, etc.
• HAD plus participle English

Question 24

Imperfect Past plus participle (HAD …)
Pretérito Mais-que-Perfeito Composto
- How Formed
- Conjugation

Answer 24

Ter Conjugated (imperfect)
+ participle
- tinha, tinhas, tinha, tínhamos,
tinham

Participle: Stem + ado, ido, ido

“Eu já tinha entrado …”

Question 25

**Past perfect tense composite of the indicative** Pretérito Perfeito Composto - When used

Answer 25

- Action that started in the past and continue in the present - Have Been "ing" in English

Question 26

**Past perfect tense composite of the indicative** Pretérito Perfeito Composto do Indicativo - How Formed - Conjugation

Answer 26

**Ter Conjugated (present) + participle** - tenho, tens, tem, temos, têm **Participle: Stem + ado, ido, ido** "Este mês tenho trabalhado muito"

Question 27

**Passive Voice** - How Formed - Conjugation

Answer 27

**Auxiliary Verb SER Conjugated + Past Participle of Main Verb** **SER** = tense as main verb in active voice **Participle** of main verb ~ subject of the passive voice - Direct complement of active voice = subject of passive voice Ser: sou, és, é, somos, são Ser: fui, foste, foi, fomos, foram Ser: era, eras, era, éramos, eram Ser: serei, serás, será, seremos, serão "O bolo foi comido pelo Marco"

Question 28

**Gerund** Gerúndio - When Used (4)

Answer 28

- Substitute a combined "e" sentence: "e começou => , começando" - To express a condition " Se estiver => Estando" - A way something was done "a cantar => cantando" - A time something will happen "quando chegaramos > chegando"

Question 29

**Gerund** Gerúndio - How Formed - Conjugation

Answer 29

**Stem + ando, endo, indo** Fal(ando) Com(endo) Abr(indo)

Question 30

**IR + Gerund** IR + Gerúndio - When Used - Key Word

Answer 30

- Express an action that happened gradually, WHILE another action was happening. - While (Enquanto)

Question 31

**IR + Gerund** IR + Gerúndio - How Formed - Conjugation

Answer 31

**IR Conjugated (present)+ Gerund** Vou, vais, vai, vamos, vao + Gerund "Vai comendo enquanto esperas" Gerund: Stem + ando, endo, indo