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ANTH 352 > Vertebrae part 2 > Flashcards

Vertebrae part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most mobile segment of vertebral column?

A

cervical vertebrae

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2
Q

supper cervical spine

A

C1 and C2

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3
Q

lower (or subaxial) cervical spine

A

C3 to C7

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4
Q

C3 - 6 are ____

A

typical

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5
Q

C7 is

A

transitional (has cervical and thoracic features)

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6
Q

how many joints in the neck that move the head and neck relative to trunk?

A

37

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7
Q

pivot joint

A

trochoid joint

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8
Q

Condylar region of skull, atlas, and axis are often together referred to as

A

cervicocranium

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9
Q

All cervical vertebrae are characterized by presence of a

A

transverse foramen in each transverse process

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10
Q

transverse foramen allows for passage of

A

vertebral artery (C1-C6) and vein (C1-C7)

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11
Q

what does the dens or odontoid process of axis allow the atlas to do?

A

so atlas rotates around its own former body; atlas and axis form a sagittal pivot or trochoid type of joint

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12
Q

C1 and C2 form a ____ joint

A

pivot

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13
Q

C1 and C2 articulate at __ sites

A

3

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14
Q

articular triad

A

C1 and C2 articulate at 3 sites: a central atlanto-axial joint, the atlanto-dental joint, and two lateral atlanto-axial joints or facet joints

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15
Q

what projects medially from the lateral masses of the atlas?

A

tubercle for transverse atlantal ligament

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16
Q

where does the transverse atlantal ligament attach on the C2?

A

on the dens

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17
Q

is dens on C1 or C2?

A

C2 - on axis

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18
Q

fibro-osseus ring

A

consist of transverse atlantal ligament and anterior arch and lateral masses

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19
Q

what does the fibro-osseus ring allow for

A

holds dens in place to create a pivot joint ( atlantoaxial joint or atlantodental joint)

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20
Q

crus superius attaches to

A

occipital bone C0

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21
Q

crus inferius attaches to

A

posterior body of axis C2

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22
Q

cruciate ligament

A

transverse atlantal ligament + crus superius + crus inferius

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23
Q

cervicocranium

A

where 50% of cervical movement occurs

C0, C1, C2

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24
Q

C0-C1 makes ___ motion

A

yes

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25
C1-C2 makes ___ motion
no
26
Over evolutionary time, C1 has lost its body (to form dens) and acquired an ______
anterior arch
27
true or false; C2 is a ring shaped bone
false; it is C1 that is a ring shaped bone
28
what features is the atlas comprised of?
anterior arch 2 lateral masses posterior arch posterior tubercle
29
true or false; C1 (atlas) does not have spinous process
true; instead it has posterior tubercle
30
atlantodental joint is a _____ joint
synovial pivot joint
31
what do the occipital condyles articulate with?
superior articular facets of atlas, which are part of lateral masses; allows for skull stability
32
posterior arch of C1 is ____ flattened
craniocaudally flattened
33
C1 transverse process act as
levers
34
what attaches to tips of dens to base of occiput
apical ligament
35
alar (check) ligaments; atlantal and occipital portions
attach dens to medial aspect of each occipital condyle and to atlas
36
transverse foramen of axis allows for passage of
arteries
37
Bifid C2 spinous process is large; inverted V-shape provides large surface area for
muscle attachments
38
Uncovertebral joints =
Luschka joints
39
which foramen is triangular?
vertebral foramen of typical vertebrae (C3-6)
40
Articular processes form a column from C2 to C7 allow for which movements?
flexion and extension
41
which cervical spinous process has bifid shape?
C3-6
42
C1 spinous process is a
small tubercle
43
C7 nonbifid spinous process is a _____
vertebra prominens
44
which cervical vertebrae do not have anterior tubercles?
C1, 2, 7
45
which cervical vertebrae have anterior tuebrcles?
C3-6
46
the transverse foramen is closed by the
costo-transverse bar
47
true or false: C2 and C3 are commonly fused
true
48
true or false; •Occipital bone and atlas may occasionally be fused •Atlas and axis may be fused
true
49
C7 may carry
cervical ribs
50
fused vertebrae =
block vertebrae
51
typical thoracic vertebrae
T5 - 8
52
which T vertebrae have demifacets ?
T2 - 9 (or 10)
53
the bodies of thoracic vertebrae tend to be ___ shaped
heart shaped (cardioid)
54
true or false; Superior facet on T1 is complete facet for rib 2
false; Superior facet on T1 is complete facet for rib 1
55
in the thoracic vertebrae, Superior articular facets are oriented ________, and inferior articular facets are oriented _______
posterolaterally; anteromedially
56
in the thoracic vertebrae, superior vertebral notches are absent from
T2 to T12
57
lumbar body shape
Large kidney-shaped or reniform body
58
Transverse processes have wide span. Which vertebrae subdivision is this?
lumbar
59
spondylolysis
when part of the vertebral arch is separated from the remainder of the vertebrae - leads to potential instability
60
what is the weakest part of a vertebra?
pars interarticularis
61
spondylolisthesis
superior vertebra and slip forward upon inferior vertebra due to pars interarticularis defect
62
what may partly stabilize a spondylolisthesis
iliolumbar ligament
63
sacral vertebra is consisted of ___ fused pieces - a composite bone
5
64
sacrum forms part of the ____
bony pelvis
65
base, alae, promontory
Superior surface= base, comprised of a median part (S1 body) and 2 lateral portions -alae •Anterior superior border of S1 is the promontory of the sacrum
66
how can you tell if the sacrum belongs to a male or female based on concavity?
male sacrums concave anteriorly | tend to be flatter in female for giving birth
67
sacrum has __ transverse ridges and __ sacral foraminae for spinal nerves
4; 4
68
pars lateralis
in sacrum, is bone lateral to foraminae
69
nerve root =
ramus
70
The sides of S4 and S5, as well as the sides of the coccyx, are thin, for the ________ (sacrum to ischial tuberosity)and _______(sacrum to ischial spine) ligaments (next slide)
The sides of S4 and S5, as well as the sides of the coccyx, are thin, for the sacrotuberous (sacrum to ischial tuberosity)and sacrospinous(sacrum to ischial spine) ligaments (next slide)
71
median crest
formed by spinous tubercles
72
intermediate crest
formed by articular tubercles
73
lateral crest
formed by transverse tubercles
74
sacral hiatus
inferior gap where median crest divides inferiorly
75
Sacral cornuae
inferior ends of divided median crest
76
spina bifida
failure of neural arch fusion
77
failure of one of chondrification centres to appear and subsequent failure of half of vertebra to form
hemivertebra
78
scoliosis
lateral curvature of spine
79
kyphosis
anteroposteriorly curved
80
kyphoscoliosis
kyphosis and scoliosis
81
Superior surface of C3 to C6 body looks like shallow seat posterior and lateral aspects are raised as ________
uncinate processes
82
what are the 3 functions of uncinate processes?
1) prevent posterior translation of vertebral body 2) reinforce posterolateral discs 3) limit lateral flexion
83
where do pedicles arise from?
vertebral body
84
pedicles arise from vertebral body, giving rise to _____
superior and inferior vertebral notches
85
the superior and inferior articular processes form the
articular column
86
middle 4 thoracic vertebrae are called?
typical thoracic vertebrae
87
true or false; the superior demifacet on T2-T9(10) are for the numerically corresponding rib
true
88
where are flat facets?
anterosuperior aspect of tip of T8-10
89
flat facets allow for ____ movement
gliding
90
posterolateral orientation of superior facet allow for ____ motion between vertebrae
rotary
91
how can you use the ratio of sacral body to alae in sex estimation?
females: 1:1:1 males: alae < body > alae
92
spina bifida
vertebral arch defect where left and right halves of vertebral arch do not fuse

ANTH 352 (26 decks)

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