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anatomy: back > vertebral column > Flashcards

vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae?

A

33

… 7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal

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2
Q

Function of vertebral column?

A

House spinal cord, supports trunk (& UE)

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3
Q

What are the curvatures of the spine?

A

Primary and secondary

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4
Q

Primary curvature

A

Concave anteriorly : thoracic and sacral

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5
Q

Secondary curvature

A

Concave posteriorly: cervical and lumbar

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6
Q

Kyphosis

A

Hunchback (thoracic)

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7
Q

Scoliosis

A

Curvature to side

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8
Q

Lordosis

A

Excessive ant curve of lumbar

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9
Q

Typical vertebrae

A

Body:
Intervertebral discs between ventral bodies (wt bearing)

Vertebral arch:
2 pedicles
2 transverse processes
2 laminas
1 spinous process
2 sup and 2 inf articulate processes and facets
2 sup and inf vertebral notch
Vertebral foramen

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10
Q

Pedicle

A

Between the body and transverse processes

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11
Q

Lamina

A

Between transverse and spinous processes

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12
Q

Superior articular process faces ____ in typical vertebrae

A

Posteriorly

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13
Q

Inferior articular process faces ____ in typical vertebrae

A

Anteriorly

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14
Q

What forms intervertebral foramen?

A

Sup and inf vertebral notches

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15
Q

Vertebral foramen forms the ___ and houses ___

A

Vertebral canal

Spinal cord

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16
Q

How are cervical vertebrae distinguished

A

Transverse foramen in the transverse processes (ant and post tubercles)

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17
Q

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae transmits what A, V, N

A

Vertebral A & V

Sympathetic N

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18
Q

Vertebral A & V doesn’t go through which transverse process?

A

C7

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19
Q

Cervical vertebrae: articulating surface of sup articular fact points…

A

Superiorly and posteriorly ~45 deg

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20
Q

Which cervical vertebrae have bifid spinous processes

A

C2-6

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21
Q

C7 has long spinous process called…

A

Vertebra prominens

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22
Q

C1 and 2 are ____ vertebrae

A

Atypical

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23
Q

Thoracic vertebrae are distinguished by…

A

Costal facets and demi-facets

Transverse costal facets

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24
Q

Thoracic typical vertebrae have

A

Demi-facets superiorly and inferiority for rib articulations
(T2-9)

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25
Thoracic atypical vertebrae have
Entire costal facets (T1 and demi T2) T10 sup costal facet T10 (11&12 w no transverse costal facet)
26
Lumbar vertebrae distinguished by…
Large bodies No costal facets No transverse foramen
27
Lumbar vertebrae articulating surface for sup facets point
Med (sagittal plane)
28
T12-L5 have ___ tubercles (processes) on sup articular processes and accessory tubercles on the transverse processes
Mamillary
29
What comes off mamillary process? What comes off accessory process?
Multifidus Longissimus
30
Sacral vertebrae are distinguished by
Fused vertebrae
31
What transmits spinal roots and rami that make up the cauda equina (lower end of spinal cord)?
Sacral canal and hiatus
32
Spinal roots for spinal nerves near ____&___ foramina w/in sacral canal region
Ant & post
33
Coccyx made up of
4 fused vertebrae
34
Vertebral bodies are stacked on one another with ________ in between
Intervertebral disc
35
Vertebral end plates cover
Vertebral body (hyaline and fibro cartilage)
36
Annulus fibrosis (outside fibrous layer) is made up of
H2O Collagen Proteoglycans Chondroblasts, fibroblasts
37
Lamellae
10-12 layers of annulus fibrosis All run in same direc, but next lamellae run in oppo direc (perpendicular to each oth)
38
Nucleus pulposus (inner gelatinous material) is made up of
H2O Collagen Proteoglycans Chondroblasts, fibroblasts
39
Nucleus pulposus is ____ and not ____
Avascular and innervated
40
Zygapophyseal joint (facet joints) have ___ mvt between articular processes
Gliding
41
Ant longitudinal lig runs from
Sacrum to skull anterior side of vertebral bodies
42
Ant and post longitudinal lig attaches to
Discs and vertebral bodies
43
Ant longitudinal lig is stretched (limited) w
Ext
44
At C0-1 ant longitudinal lig name changes to
Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
45
Post longitudinal lig runs along
Post side of vertebral bodies w/in vertebral canal
46
Post longitudinal lig stretched (limited)
Flex
47
At C0-2 post longitudinal lig name changes to
Tectorial membrane
48
Ligamenta flava attaches ___ to adjacent vertebrae
Lamina
49
Ligamenta flava becomes _____ at C0-1
Post atlanto-occipital membrane
50
Interspinous lig runs obliquely to attach
Adjacent spinous processes
51
Supraspinatus lig attach adjacent tips of ____ processes
Spinous
52
Intertransverse lig attach adjacent ____ processes
Transverse Limit flexion
53
Uncovertebral joints
Articulation between adjacent cervical vertebral bodies at the unicate (unciform) processes
54
Unicate processes are seen on ___ edges of vertebral body
Lat and sometimes ant
55
Craniovertebral joints
Atlanto-occipital joint Atlanto-axial joint
56
Atlanto-occipital joint articulation between
Occipital condoles of occipital bone and superior articular facets of C1 Synovial joint
57
AO joint mvt
Flex/ext head Some lat flex (rocking)
58
Atlanto-axial joint
Skull and C1 rotate as unit on C2
59
Atlanto-axial joint articulates between
Dens of C2 and post surface of ant arch of C1
60
Atlanto-axial joint =____ % head rot (oth 50%= cervical vertebrae)
50
61
Mvt of atlanto-axial joint
Flex /ext head
62
Cruciform lig
Transverse lig of atlas Sup/inf longitudinal bands
63
Transverse lig of atlas attaches to
Masses of C1 and runs post to dens to form synovial joint
64
Sup/inf longitudinal bands found from
Transverse lig of atlas to occipital bone above and the body of C2 below
65
Alar lig
Extend form sides of sup dens to lat margins of foramen magnum (prevent excessive rot)
66
Tectorial membrane
Superior sontinuation of post longitudinal lig

anatomy: back (7 decks)

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