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Sem 1 Year 1 Anatomy > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral column

A

33 vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs

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2
Q

Functions of vertebral column

A

Protection - encloses and protects spinal cord within spinal canal
Support - carries weight of body above the pelvis
Axis - forms central axis of body
Movement - posture and movement

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3
Q

How many cervical?

A

7

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4
Q

How many thoracic?

A

12

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5
Q

How many lumbar?

A

5

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6
Q

How many sacral?

A

5, fused

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7
Q

How many coccyx?

A

4, fused

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8
Q

Common structure of vertebrae

A

Anterior vertebral body and posterior vertebral arch

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9
Q

Vertebral body

A

Forms anterior part
Weight bearing component (larger bodies in lower portion to support increased weight)
Superior and inferior aspects of vertebral body lined with hyaline cartilage
Adjacent vertebral bodies separated by fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc

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10
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Forms lateral and posterior aspect of vertebrae
With the vertebral body, vertebral arch forms enclosed hole (vertebra, foramen)

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11
Q

Vertebral canal

A

Foramina of vertebrae line up to form vertebral canal which enclose the spinal cord

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12
Q

Bony prominences off vertebral arches

A

Spinous processes, transverse processes, pedicels, lamina, articular processes

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13
Q

Spinous processes

A

Each vertebra has single spinous process centred posteriorly at point of arch

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14
Q

Transverse processes

A

Each vertebrae has 2 transverse processes, extend laterally and posteriorly from vertebral body
In thoracic vertebrae the transverse processes articulate with ribs

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15
Q

Pedicles

A

Connect vertebral body to transverse processes

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16
Q

Lamina

A

Connect transverse and spinous processes

17
Q

Articular processes

A

Form joints between one vertebra and it’s superior and inferior counterparts
Articular processes located at intersection of laminae and pedicles

18
Q

Features of cervical vertebrae

A

Bifid spinous process - the spinous process bifurcates at distal end (exceptions: C1 has no spinous process and spinous process in C7 is longer)
Transverse foramina - an opening in each transverse process, vertebral arteries travel to brain through this
Triangular vertebral foramen

19
Q

C1

A

Atlas, specialised to allow movement for the head

20
Q

C2

A

Axis, specialised to allow movement for the head

21
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

Increase in size from superior to anterior
Articulate with bony ribs producing bony thorax

22
Q

Demi facets

A

Superior and inferior on either side of vertebral body
Articulate with heads of two different ribs

23
Q

Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

A

Costal facet for articulation with shaft of single rib

24
Q

Spinous processes

A

Inferior and posterior

25
Q

Vertebral foramen of thoracic vertebrae

A

Circular

26
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

Largest in vertebral column
Support weight of torso
Large vertebral bodies (no transverse for mains, costal facets, bifid spinous processes)
Triangular shaped vertebral foramen
Spinous process shorter

27
Q

Needle access

A

Lumbar vertebrae

28
Q

Sacrum

A

On the lateral walls, facets for articulation with pelvis at sacroiliac joints

29
Q

Coccyx

A

Lack of vertebral arches therefore no vertebral canal

30
Q

Lumbarisation

A

Separation of S1 from sacrum (congenital abnormalities)

31
Q

Sacralisation

A

Fusion of L5 to sacrum (congenital abnormality)

32
Q

Articulating with each other

A

Left and right superior articular facets articulate with vertebra above
Left and right inferior articular facets articulate with vertebra below
Vertebral bodies indirectly articulate with each other via intervertebral discs

33
Q

Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

A

Strengthen vertebral body joints, run full length of vertebral column
Anterior longitudinal ligament is thick, prevents hyper extension of vertebral column
Posterior longitudinal ligament is weaker, prevents hyper Flexion

34
Q

Facet joints

A

Joints between articular facets, allowing for gliding motions between vertebrae

35
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

Extends between lamina of adjacent vertebrae

36
Q

Interspinous and supraspinous

A

Join the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae. Interspinous ligaments attach between processes and the supraspinous ligaments attach to the tips

37
Q

Intertransverse ligaments

A

Extends between transverse processes

Sem 1 Year 1 Anatomy (12 decks)

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