Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING 1 > VERTEBRAL COLUMN > Flashcards

VERTEBRAL COLUMN Flashcards

1
Q

What projection demonstrates a frontal image of the atlas and axis through the _______

A

AP Projection - Open Mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The mouth must be opened to visualize the atlas and axis and prevent superimposition by the ______

A

Mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

SID often used for open-mouth method to increase the field of view of the odontoid area

A

30 inches (76 cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The open-mouth technique was described by (2):

A
  1. Albers - Schonberg (1910)
  2. George - 1919
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What projection shows the dens and atlas as seen through the foramen magnum ?

A

PA Projection - Judd Method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Orbitomeatal Line (OML) is approximately ______ degrees to the plane of the IR for Judd Method.

A

37 Degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Contraindications for Judd Method include (3):

A
  1. Suspected Fracture of the Upper Cervical Region
  2. Unhealed Fracture
  3. Degenerative Disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What projection and method shows the dens when its upper half is not clearly shown in the open-mouth position ?

A

AP Projection - Fuchs Method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Smith and Abel added towards Fuchs Method by having the central ray angulated by ______ and centered to _____ to demonstrate the laminae and articular facets of the cervical vertebrae

A
  1. 35 Degrees Caudad
  2. C3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What projection shows better definition of the Atlas and Axis because of shorter OID ?

A

Lateral Projection - R or L Position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RP for Atlas and Axis Lateral

A

1 inch Distal to the Adjacent Mastoid Tip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What projection shows the lower five cervical bodies, along with the upper two/three thoracic bodies, interpediculate spaces, superimposed transverse/articular processes, and intervertebral disk spaces ?

A

AP Axial Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CR and RP for Cervical Vertebrae AP Axial Projection

A

CR: 15 - 20 Degrees Cephalad

RP: C4 (Entering at or slightly inferior to the most prominent point of the thyroid cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What projection and method demonstrates a lateral projection of the cervical bodies ?

A

Lateral Projection - Grandy Method - R or L Position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

SID for Grandy Method

A

60 - 72 inches (152 - 183 cm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The top of the IR for Grandy Method will be about _____inch above the _____

A
  1. 1 Inch
  2. External Acoustic Meatus (EAM)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

To demonstrate normal anteroposterior movement or an absence of movement due to trauma or disease, the spinous processes may be placed in _______ and _______

A
  1. Hyperflexion
  2. Hyperextension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What projection asks the patient to elevate the chin as much as possible for the second exposure ?

A

Lateral Projection - Hyperextension - R or L Position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What projection of the cervical vertebrae asks the patient to drop the head forward and draw the chin as close as possible to the chest ?

A

Lateral Projection - Hyperflexion - R or L Position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Due to hyperflexion and hyperextension, the _____ and ______ are also shown

A
  1. Intervertebral Disks
  2. Zygapophyseal Joints
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Oblique projections for demonstrating the cervical intervertebral foramina were first described by ______ and _____

A
  1. Barsony
  2. Koppenstein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SID for AP Axial Oblique Projection of the Cervical Intervertebral Foramina

A

60 - 72 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In AP Axial Oblique Projection of the Cervical Intervertebral Foramina, the IR must be centered to the _____ to compensate for the cephalic angulation of the CR

A

Third Cervical Body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which projection shows the intervertebral foramina and pedicles farthest from the IR ?

A

AP Axial Oblique Projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Which projection shows the intervertebral foramina and pedicles closest from the IR ?
PA Axial Oblique Projection
23
What projection and method blurs or obliterates the mandibular shadow by having the patient perform an even chewing motion without the teeth touching each other ?
AP Projection - Ottonello Method
24
Ottonello Method is also called as _____
Wagging Jaw Technique
25
The Ottonello Method helps in seeing the ______
Entire CervicalColumn (C1-C7)
26
Which projection and method demonstrates a lateral image of the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae between the two shoulders ?
Lateral Projection - Twining Method - R or L Position
27
Fill up the following CR conditions for Twining Method: Well-depressed Shoulder = Not Well-depressed Shoulder =
Well-depressed Shoulder = Perpendicular Not Well-depressed Shoulder = 5 Degrees Caudad
28
Which projection and method is most often performed with either a lateral cervical or lateral thoracic projection when the shoulder superimpose the vertebrae in the area of interest ?
Lateral Projection - Pawlow Method - R or L Position
29
Original CR and RP for Pawlow Method:
CR = 3-5 Degrees Caudad RP = Inter-disk of C7 and T1
30
Modified CR for Pawlow Method:
CR = 5 - 15 Degrees Cephalad
31
IR size for AP Projection of Thoracic Vertebrae
14 x 17 Inches (35 x 43 cm)
32
RP for AP Thoracic Vertebrae
Approximately Halfway Between the Jugular Notch and Xyphoid Process
33
For the AP Projection of the Lumbar - Lumbosacral Vertebrae, the following must be cleared from the intestinal tract to prevent anatomic superimposition:
1. Gas 2. Fecal Material
34
Which projection places the intervertebral disk spaces at an angle closely paralleling the divergence of the beam of radiation ?
PA Projection (Optional)
35
SID for Lumbar - Lumbosacral Vertebrae AP / PA
48 Inches (122 cm)
36
Lordotic curves may be reduced by having the patient _____ the _____ and _____ enough to place the back in firm contact with the table
1. Flex 2. Hips 3. Knees
37
RP for AP / PA Lumbar - Lumbosacral Vertebrae
Lumbar = 1 and 1/2 inches above Iliac Crests Lumbosacral = At the level of the Iliac Crests
38
RP for Lateral Projection for L5 - S1 Lumbosacral Junction
Coronal Plane 2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1 1/2 inches inferior to the iliac crest
39
The lumbar vertebrae manifests an appearance of ________
Scottie Dogs
40
Forms the central axis of the skeleton and is centered on the MSP of the posterior part of the trunk.
Vertebral Column
41
Enumerate the functions of the Vertebral Column (4):
1. It encloses and protects the spinal cord. 2. It acts as a support for the trunk. 3. It supports the skull superiorly 4. It provides for attachment for the deep muscles of the back and the ribs laterally.
42
Refers to the cervical and lumbar curves convexed anteriorly
Lordotic Curves
43
Enumerate the five groups of the vertebral column with quantity of bones:
1. Cervical Vertebrae - 7 2. Thoracic Vertebrae - 12 3. Lumbar Vertebrae - 5 4. Sacral Vertebrae - 5 5. Coccygeal Vertebrae - 3-5
44
Thoracic and pelvic curves are concaved anteriorly
Kyphotic Curves
45
Abnormal increase in the anterior concavity of the thoracic curve
Kyphosis
46
Abnormal increase in the anterior convexity of the lumbar or cervical curve
Lordosis
46
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
47
Enumerate the four (4) vertebral articulations:
1. Intervertebral Joints 2. Zygapophyseal Joints 3. Atlanto-occipital Joints 3. Atlantoaxial Joints
48
Vert art. between the two vertebral bodies that are cartilaginous symphysis joints slightly movable
Intervertebral Joints
49
Vert art. between articulation processes of the vertebral arches which are synovial gliding joints that are also freely movable
Zygapophyseal Joints
50
Vert at. between the atlas and occipital bone. Synovial ellipsoidal joints.
Atlanto-occipital Joints
50
The atlas and axis are considered as _____ for they are structurally modified to join the skull.
Atypical
50
A process within the Axis that is received into the anterior portion of the atlantal ring to act as the pivot or body for the atlas.
Dens / Odontoid Process
50
Anterior arch of the atlas that rotate around the dens of the axis which are synovial gliding and synovial.
Atlantoaxial Joint
50
C7 is also called _____
Vertebra Prominens
51
Vertebrae that increase in size and vary in form.
Thoracic Vertebrae
52
These have large, bean-shaped bodies that increase in size from the first - fifth.
Lumbar Vertebrae

RADIOGRAPHIC POSITIONING 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions