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Boards: Spinal Anatomy > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Vertebral embryology develops in what layer

A

mesoderm

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2
Q

What guides the development of the vertebral column and the spinal cord?

A

the notochord

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3
Q

The notochord persistes as what structure?

A

nucleus pulposus

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4
Q

Condensation of the mesoderm around the notochord is called what?

A

somites

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5
Q

The vertebrea developes from from what structure?

A

sclerotomes

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6
Q

How many primary ossification centers does the vertebrea have?

A

3

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7
Q

What are the three primary ossification centers for the vertebrea?

A

centrum

right and left halves for the neural arch

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8
Q

How many secondary ossification centers does the vertebrea have?

A

5

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9
Q

muscle developes from what layer?

A

myotomes

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10
Q

What myotome do skeletal muscles develop from?

A

somatic

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11
Q

What myotome does smooth muscle develop from?

A

splanchnic

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12
Q

What myotome does extensor muscles develop from?

A

epimere

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13
Q

What myotome does flexor muscles develop from?

A

hypomere

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14
Q

Peripheral nerves and the dermis develope from what layer?
A. Sclerotome
B. Myotome
C. Dermatome

A

Dermatome

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15
Q

In the process of chondrification mesoderm is replaced with ________?

A

cartilage

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16
Q

In the process of ossification, cartilage is replaced with __________?

A

bone

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17
Q

What are the two types of ossification?

A

intramembranous and intracartilaginous

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18
Q

In a typical vertebra the superior articular process is always facing what direction?

A

backwards

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19
Q

In a typical vertebra the inferior articular process is always facing what direction?

A

forward

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20
Q

What is between the superior and the inferior articular process?

A

pars interarticularis

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21
Q 
A cervical vertebra body is what shape?
A. Rectangular
B. Heart Shaped
C. Kidney shaped 
D. Circular
A

A

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22
Q

What are the atypical cervical vertebra?

A

C1, C2, C7

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23
Q

what is the other name for the C2 vertebra besides the atlas?

A

epistropheus

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24
Q

What is unique about the C7 vertebra?

A

typically the vertebral prominance

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25
The regional orientation of the superior articular facet of the cervical vertebra
BUM
26
The regional orientation of the superior articular facet of the Thoracic vertebra
BUL
27
The regional orientation of the superior articular facet of the lumbar vertebra
BM
28
what ligament extends from the sacrum to the occiput and prevents hyperextension?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
29
What ligament extends from the sacrum to the basal part of the occiput and prevent hyperflexion?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
30
``` Which ligament is thicker and stronger? A. ALL B. PLL C. Alar Ligament D. Cruciate Ligament ```
A.
31
The PLL entends fromm ______ to sacrum?
C2
32
The PLL ligament is continuous with _________
tectorial membrane
33
The supraspinous ligament becomes what ligament after C7?
nuchal ligament
34
The interspinous ligament prevents what action
posterior translation of the vertebra and limits flexion
35
What ligament extends between laminae of adjacent vertebral?
ligamentum flavum
36
***The alar ligament is also known as ________?
check ligament
37
*** What action does the alar ligament prevent?
excessive axial rotation
38
***Excessive rotation of the neck to the left will put pressure on what ligament?
right alar ligament
39
What ligament arises from the apex of the dens?
apical ligament
40
The apical ligament inserts into _________
anterior aspect of the foreman magnum
41
What two action does the apical ligament do?
limits flexion and extension of C2
42
What are the two parts of the cruciate ligament?
transverse and vertical part
43
The transverse portion of the cruciate ligament connects at two parts?
colliculus arlantis
44
What is the function of the cruciate ligament?
limits lateral translation
45
What cartilage is the intervertebral disc made of?
fibrocartilaginous
46
The outer part of the intervertebral disc is made of what type of collagen
Type I
47
The inner part of the intervertebral disc is made of what type of collagen?
Type II
48
The outer part of the intervertebral disc is known as _________
anulus fibrosus
49
the anulus fibrosis is made up of _______ concentric laminae
15-20
50
fibers of the anulus fibrosus are at what angle?
65 degrees
51
The inner aspect of the intervertebral disc is known as the ___________
nucleus pulposus
52
The nucleus pulposus contains ______________ which attach water
proteoglycans
53
Vertebral discs are thickest in what area of the spinal column?
Lumbar
54
Vertebral discs are the thinnest at what area of the spinal column
thoracic
55
What part of the anulus fibrosus is innervated?
the outer third
56
How does the intervertebral disc receive nourishment?
diffusion
57
How many intervertebral discs are there?
23
58
the intervertebral foramen is bound by _____________ on the superior aspect?
pedicle and th inferior vertebral notch of the vertebra above
59
the intervertebral foramen is bound by _____________ on the anterior aspect?
posterolateral aspect of the adjacent vertebrae adn the intervening disc
60
the intervertebral foramen is bound by _____________ on the inferior aspect?
The superior vertebral notch and pedicle
61
the intervertebral foramen is bound by _____________ on the posterior aspect?
capsule and the zygapophyseal joint
62
What are two things that can narrow an intervertebral foreman?
osteophytes or prolapsed discs
63
inflammatory chemicals release internal disc disruption my irritate what?
spinal nerve roots
64
The spinal canal extends from the _________ to the bottom of the sacrum?
foramen magnum
65
The spinal canal is smallest in what area?
Thoracic region
66
The spinal canal is largest in what area?
Cervical region; C6 is the widest
67
What site is the most common site for cord compression (myelopathy)
cervical region
68
What is the shape of the spinal canal in the cervical region?
triangular
69
What is the shape of the spinal canal in the thoracic region?
oval
70
What is the shape of the spinal canal in the lumbar region?
triangular

Boards: Spinal Anatomy (1 decks)

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