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MSK II > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

3 R’s of Examination

A

Reproducible Sign
Region of Origin
Reactivity Level

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2
Q

Neurophysiological Effects of Joint Mobs

A
  • Firing of articular mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors
  • Firing of cutaneous and muscular receptors
  • Altered nociception
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3
Q

Mechanical Effects of Joints Mobs

A
  • Stretching of joint restrictions
  • Breaking of adhesions
  • Altered positional relationships
  • Diminish/eliminate barriers to normal motion
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4
Q

Psychological Effects of Joint Mobs

A
  • Confidence gained through improvement
  • Positive effects from manual contact
  • Response to joint sounds
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5
Q

T/F: Spinal manipulation is a safe, effective, and recommended intervention in the management of LBP

A

True

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6
Q

Indications for Joint Mobs

A
  • Improve a loss of movement
  • Reduce a closing or opening dysfunction of the spine
  • Restore normal articular relationships
  • Provide symptom relief and pain control
  • Enhance motor function through reduction of pain
  • Improve nutrition to structures by promoting movement
  • reduce muscle guarding
  • Early mobility following injury
  • develop patient confidence
  • prepare for other interventions
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7
Q

Absolute Contraindications to Joint Mobs

A
  • Hypermobile or instable
  • Joint inflammation/effusion
  • hard end-feel
  • medically unstable
  • acute pain that worsens with repeated attempts
  • acute radiculopathy
  • bone disease or fracture (radiograph)
  • spinal arthropathy (spondy, DISH, etc.)
  • deteriorating CNS pathology
  • Post-joint fusion
  • Blood clotting disorder
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8
Q

Relative Precautions to Joint Mobs

A
  • Malignancy
  • Total joint replacement
  • Bone disease not detectable on radiograph (steroid use, OA, etc.)
  • Systemic connective tissue disorders
  • Pregnancy/immediately postpartum
  • recent trauma, radiculopathy
  • Cauda Equina syndrome
  • early healing phase of connective tissue
  • Unable to reliably communicate
  • Psychogenic patients w/ dependent behaviors
  • Long-term corticosteroid use
  • Skin rashes/open wounds in region being treated
  • elevated pain levels
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9
Q

What are the 3 separate joints in a vertebral motion segment?

A

2 facets and IVD

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10
Q

How many pairs of facet joints are in the spine?

A

24 pairs of facet joints

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11
Q

What type of joint are they classified as?

A

Planar Joints

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12
Q

In the upper cervical spine the facet joints are oriented in what alignment?

A

Horizontal Alignment

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13
Q

In the lower cervical spine, the facets change to what position?

A

45 degrees

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14
Q

Z joint/Uncovertebral joints: are made up by what anatomical process?

A

Unicinate process

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15
Q

Role of the meniscoid in facet joint?

A

fill space during joint displacement AND actively assist in the dispersal of synovial fluid

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16
Q

3 sub-systems that contribute to stability

A
  • Passive System: anatomical structures contributing to stability
  • Active System: muscles, source of active stiffness
  • CNS: feedforward and feedback control
17
Q

Neutral Zone of Spinal Stability

A

region of laxity around the neutral resting position of a spinal segment
Minimal loading

18
Q

Spinal Motion: Agonist/Synergistic Muscle

A

initiate and supply the power for the movement

19
Q

Spinal Motion: Antagonist Muscle

A

control and modify the movements

20
Q

What changes spinal motion?

A
  • Disc-vertebral height ratio
  • Compliance of the fibrocartilage
  • Diminish/Shape of end plates
  • Age
  • Disease
  • Gender
21
Q

Coupling Motion: Upper Cervical

A

When you rotate to R, Side bending is to L

22
Q

Coupling Motion: Lower Cervical

A

When you rotate to R. side bending is to R

23
Q

T/F: Rotation is always coupled with Side bending in the lower cervical spine

A

True

24
Q

Fryette’s First Law

Thoracic/Lumbar

A

When you’re standing in a neutral position and you side bend to the R, your spine will rotate to the L

Neutral spine = opposite motion

25
Q

Fryette’s Second Law

A

When you flex/hyperextend your spine and side bend to the R, your spine will rotate to the R

Flex/Ext = same motion

26
Q

Frette’s Third Law

A

If you introduce one plane of motion, any motion introduced afterwards will be limited

i.e. when your spine is flexed, you will have limited motion if you try to rotate

27
Q

“Can’t Close” Restriction

A

Restriction of Ext/SB/Rot to the same side of the pain

More of an articular pathology

28
Q

“Can’t Open” Restriction

A

Restriction of Flex/SB/Rot to the opposite side of the pain

More of a capsular pathology

29
Q

T/F: lordotic shape of cervical spine is from the vertebrae, not the discs

A

False

Lordotic shape of cervical spine is from discs rather than vertebrae

MSK II (5 decks)

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