Vertebral Column And Its Joints Flashcards
(27 cards)
How many vertebrae are in each region of the vertebral column?
Possible exception?
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccyx
Can change the # in one region in expense to another; example: 4 lumbar and 6 sacral
~except 7 cervical is almost always a constant except in Klippel-Feil syndrome
Primary curvature vs. secondary curvature?
Primary: develops first in the embroyo; convex posteriorly; thoracic and sacral
Secondary: develops later; concave posteriorly; cervical and lumbar
What is another name for kyphosis?
What is kyphosis called in adolescents?
Dowagers Hump
Scheuermann’s disease
Two causes of scoliosis?
Myopathic (muscle disease)
hemivertebra (only have half of one vertebra)
Check notes app for Vetebra general features (answer on back of this card)
- Lamina
- Pedicle
- Vertebral foreamen
- Costal facet
- Superior and inferior costal facet
- superior articular facet
- vertebral arch
What two things make up one intervertebral foreamen?
A superior vertebral notch of an inferior vertebra and an inferior vertebral notch of a superior vertebra
Name two defining distinctions between cervical vertebrae (remember C1 and C2 are different; talking about C3-C7)
Bifid spinous process and cervical transverse processes have a hole in it (transverse foramen)
C1 is called?
Has no __ and __
What does it have that is unique? What is it for?
Atlas
No spinous process or vertebral body
Between anterior and posterior arch, theres a chunk of bone called the lateral mass; it has 2 articulate facets where you form the joint with the occipital bone (at the occipital condyles)
C2 (axis) has a spinous process and body. What does it have that’s unique ?
A vertical projection called the dens
Atlanta-occipital joint allows what movements?
Nodding yes, flexion, and extension
There are two Atlanto-axial joint subdivisions, what are they?
Atlanto-axial joint allows for what movement?
lateral and median
Rotation of head (no)
What is the most important ligament of the craniovertebral joints?
Location?
Transverse ligament of the axis
Medal surface of one lateral mass of atlas to other lateral mass
What is unique about C7 (vertebra prominens)
Long nonbifid spinous process
Transverse foramina are smaller and do not transmit vertebral artery
Why do thoracic vertebra have a lot of facets?
Costal facets of the vertebral body are called?
Transverse costal facet is located where?
Because they attach to the ribs
Demifacets (superior and inferior)
On the transverse process (thats why its not called demifacet because it is not located on the body)
How can you differentiate lumbar and thoracic vertebra?
What are transverse processes in the lumbar region called?
Where is mammillary process?
Spinous process on lumbar is shorter and wider
Costal processes
On posterior aspect of superior articular processes
Difference between spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
What spinal level does this usually occur at and what is disrupted?
Function of what is disrupted?
Spondylolysis is fracture in the neck of the Scottie dog
Spondylolithesis is when the head is removed from the body of the Scottie dog (body of vertebra slips forward and carries upper portion of vertebral column with it)
L5 and pars interarticularis (units bases of the superior and inferior articular processes)
Plays key role in supporting weight between L5 and sacrum
Describe the ala
What part of the sacrum goes hand in hand with cephalopelvic disproportion
What part of sacrum attaches to the hip bone
Where do ligaments attach
Wing like portion of the sacrum
Promontory
Auricular surface
Sacral tuberosity
Two types of spina bifida?
Where does the first type usually occur?
What are the two subsections of the second type? Describe
Spina bifida occulta (often asymptomatic) and spina bifida cystica (more severe)
L5 or S1
Meningocele - spina bifida with a meningeal cyst
Myelomeningocele- spina bifida with the spinal cord
Where in the spine are the intervetebral discs the thickest? Why?
2 parts of IVD?
Cervical (except no IVD between C1 and C2) and lumbar regions because thats where the most movement is
Annulus fibrosus (external, fibrocartilagenous part) and nucleus pulposus (central gelatinous core thats 70-90% water)
Function of anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament
Where do they run from?
Anterior prevents hyperextension of the vertebral column; posterior prevents hyperflexion
Anterior runs from occipital bone to superior part of the sacrum
Posterior runs from C2 to sacrum
What is occurring during herniation?
What direction does herniation usually occur?
Outward pressure of nucleus pulposus is too great, annulus fibrosus ruptures, nucleus pulposus herniated
Posteriorly
Where are uncovertebral joints?
What pathology usually occurs at these joints?
Connect uncinate processes of C3-C6 vertebrae to the inferior surface of the vertebral body above
Bone spurs (causing neck pain)
Zygapophyseal joints aka _____ are joints between?
What type of joint? Structurally and functionally?
The joint is stabilized by accessory ligaments uniting the ___, ____ and ____
Facet joints; joints between articular processes of adjacent vertebrae (ex: superior articular process of T5 and inferior articular process of T4)
Plane type of joint (gliding/sliding); structurally synovial and functionally amphiarthrosis
Laminae, transverse process, and spinous process
Ligamentum flavum connects?
Function?
Color?
Connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae
Keeps laminae from separating during flexion
Yellow
