Vertebral Column, Osteology & Myology

Question 1

CDC 2017

Answer 1

1/4 adults experience a fall

1/5 falls result in serious injury/hospitalization

$50 billion in medical expense

Question 2

axial skeleton

Answer 2

central axis of the body

bones of the head, vetebral column, thorax

Question 3

appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

bones of the UE and LE

including pectoral and pelvic girdles

Question 4

spinal column

Answer 4

7 cervical (lordosis)

12 thoracic (kyphosis)

5 lumbar (lordosis)

3-5 coccygeal (kyphosis)

Question 5

convexity

Question 6

primary curvature

Answer 6

during fetal development, primary curvature have posterior convexity

Question 7

secondary curvature

Answer 7

curvature and C and L regoings change with infant development

Question 8

Indepedent head control

Answer 8

3-6 month

C anterior convexity develops

Question 9

independent sitting

Answer 9

1 year of age

Lumbar develop anterior convexity

Question 10

Common to all vertebra

Answer 10

Vertberal Body

Vertebral arch: pedicles, lamina, superior vertebral notch, inferior verterbral notch, intervertebral foramen

Vertebral Foramen (canal)

Vertebral processes: superior articular processes and facets, inferior articular processes and facets, transverse processes, spinous processes.

Question 11

Cervical vertebra

Answer 11

Transverse Foramina

Bifid spinous process (except C1 and C7)

superior and articular facets in transverse plane

Question 12

Answer 12

C1 (Atlas)

no body, no spinous process

anterior arch and tubercle

posterior arch and tubercle

lateral masses with facets

Question 13

Answer 13

C2 (Axis)

Dens (odontoid process)

The joint where axis and atlas meet is called the Atlanto-axial joint, and is a pivot joint with 1 df, uniaxial movement.

Question 14

Answer 14

C7

Long bifid spinous process (aka, vertebral prominence)

Question 15

Answer 15

Thoracic vertebra

Heart-shaped body

Small, circular vertebral foramen

Long, sloping spinous process

long transverse process

No transverse foramina

Superior and inferior costal facets (2 each, articulate with ribs)

Question 16

Answer 16

Large Kidney shaped body

triangular vertebral foramen

short/stout spinous process

Question 17

Answer 17

Note, differences between each

Cspine: long bifid spinous process, tranverse foramen

Tspine: superior and inferior costal facets

Lspine: Super fat body

Question 18

Answer 18

Promontory

Sacral Canal

Pelvic (anterior foramen), Dorsal (posterior) foramen

Auricular surface (articulates with ilium)

Question 19

Answer 19

External occipital protuberance

Superior Nuchal line

foramen magnum

occipital condyles

Question 20

Answer 20

Mastoid process

Question 21

Answer 21

Biaxial, condyloid joint

joint between occipital condyles and the superior facets on the lateral masses of C1

allows FLX/EXT & Lateral FLX

Question 22

Answer 22

Uniaxial, pivot

between vertebral foramen C1 (Atlas) and C2 (Axis) via the odontoid process

Cervical Rotation

Question 23

Answer 23

synovial, Multi-axial, planar

between the inferior articular process of the moresuperior vert. and the facet of the superior articular process of the more inferior vertebra

FLX/EXT, lateral FLX, ROT

Question 24

Answer 24

Joint between the bodies of vertebra, non synovial (space where discs are)

Question 25

Answer 25

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Ligamenta Flava Supraspinous Ligament

Question 26

Answer 26

Thickest in Lumbar spine runs between occipital bone and sacrum anterior to verterbal body limits spinal hyperextension

Question 27

Answer 27

Thickest in Lumbar between axis and sacrum posterior to vertebral body limits spinal flexion

Question 28

Answer 28

"yellow ligaments" thickest in lumbar region posterior to vertebral canal connects laminae most elastic limits spinal flexion

Question 29

Answer 29

fibrocartilagenous, cushion between vertebral bodies secured by AL and PL elastic = spinal flexibility

Question 30

nucleus pulposus

Answer 30

soft, gel like substance

Question 31

anulus fibrosus

Answer 31

ring shaped, fibrous connective tissue

Question 32

Posture

Answer 32

"an alignment of body segments, a position of atttude of the body, the relative arrangement of body parts for a specific activity, or a characteristic manner of bearing one's body" how one stands, sits and moves transitioning from supine to sitting, standing and walking climbing steps, inserting foot into pant leg, stepping into shower, reaching into cupboads, driving

Question 33

Vertebral Column Stability Factors

Question 34

Vertebral column flexibilty factors

Question 35

Core Stability: proximal stability for distal mobility

Answer 35

"ability to control the position and motion of the trunk over the pelvis to allow optimum production, transer and control of force and motion to the terminal segment in integrated activies" Proximal stabilization within BOS allows for better stabilty along the kinetic chain, when movement produces change in COG

Question 36

Osteoporosis

Answer 36

Low density of trabecular bone 5.1% of men 24.5% of women over 65 causes compression fractures, falls,

Question 37

Pathologic Kyphosis

Answer 37

Most common osteoarthritic fracture, occurs in the anterior portion of the vertebral body T7-T8 COM shifts anteior, postural strategies used to fix "feeling like falling backward" compensation: hyperextension C spine, posterior lean Contribute to falls more than age

Question 38

Fixed Support Change in Support

Answer 38

ankle strategy (Dorsi, plantar flx) hip strategy (FLX/ EXT) increasing BOS with environmental modifications, reaching strategies

Question 39

OT Assesment Kyphosis

Answer 39

Up and Go test (timed Reach test (UE reaching exam to see how functional activities are imparied) Postural strategies used? Hip/Ankle & change in support

Question 40

C-Spine Degrees of Motion

Answer 40

FLX / EXT: 120-130 deg LAT FLX: 25-40 deg ROT: 65-75 deg

Question 41

T-Spine Degrees of Motion

Answer 41

FLX/EXT: 50-65 deg LAT FLX: 30-35 deg ROT: 25-30 deg

Question 42

L-Spine Degrees of Motion

Answer 42

FLX/EXT: 55-70 deg LAT FLX: 20 deg ROT: 5-7 deg