Vertebral Structures Flashcards
1
Q
What is the vertebral body?
A
2
Q
What is the vertebral foramen?
A
3
Q
What is the spinous process?
A
4
Q
What is the transverse process?
A
5
Q
What is the pedicle?
A
6
Q
What is the lamina?
A
7
Q
What is the superior articular processes?
A
8
Q
What is the inferior articular processes?
A
9
Q
What is the intervertebral foramen?
A
10
Q
What is the cervical vertebrae?
C1 - C7
A
11
Q
What is the transverse foramina?
A
12
Q
What is the thoracic vertebrae?
T1 - T12
A
13
Q
What are the dens/odontoid process of C2
A
14
Q
What are the lumbar vertebrae?
L1 - L5
A
15
Q
What is the sacrum?
A
16
Q
What is the sacral crest?
A
17
Q
What is the sacral foramina?
A
18
Q
What is the sacroiliac joint?
A
19
Q
What is the superior articulating surface
A
20
Q
What is the coccyx?
A
21
Q
Sternum
A
22
Q
manubrium
A
23
Q
suprasternal jugular notch
A
24
Q
clavicular notches
A
25
body (gladiolus)
26
What are the costal notches of the sternum
27
Xiphoid Process
28
What is the head of the rib?
29
What is the neck of the rib?
30
What is the tubercle of the rib?
31
What is the shaft of the rib?
32
33
What is the vertebral column?
- The vertebral column extends from teh skull to the pelvis and forms the vertical axis of the skeleton.
- Composed of many parts called vertebrae.
- Separated by masses of fibrocartilage called intervertebral discs, connected to each other by ligaments
34
How many bones form the sacrum?
35
How many bones form the coccyx?
36
What is the function of intervertebral discs?
37
What does the vertebral foramina form?
- The vertebral canal through which the spinal cord passes
38
What is attached on the lower surfaces of the vertebral pedicles?
- Notches that align with adjacent vertebrae to help form openings called intervertebral foramina
- Provides passageways for spinal nerves
39
40
What are the cervical vertebrae?
41
What vertebrae has transverse foramina
42
What is the function of the transverse foramina?
43
What does the two facets on the superior surface of the atlas vertebrae articulate with?
- occipital condyles
- Helps to hold the head up
44
What cervical vertebrae contains dens?
- The axis vertebrae
- Allows the atlas to pivot around the dens
45
What are the general characteristics of thoracic vertebrae?
- 12 thoracic vertebrae
- Larger than cervical region
- Transverse processes project posteriously at sharp angles
- Each vertebra has a long, pointed spinous process, which slopes downards
- Thoracic vertebrae except for T11 - T12, have two costal facets that articulate with ribs
- One costal facet articulates with the rib tubercle, the second costal facet articulates with the rib head
46
47
What are the general characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae?
- There are 5 lumbar vertebrae
- Support the most weight and have larger and stronger bodies
- Thinner transverse vertebrae project laterally/ spinous processes are short and thick and are nearly horizontal
48
49
What are the general characteristics of the sacrum?
- The sacrum is a triangular structure at the base of the vertebral column
- Composed of five vertebrae that develop separately but then fuse together between ages of eighteen and thirty
- The spinous processes of these fused bones form a ridge of tubercles called the median sacral crest.
- Nerve and blood vessels pass thru rows of openings called the posterior scaral foramina --\> located at the sides of the tubercles
50
What are the general characteristics of the coccyx?
- the coccyx forms the tailbone and is the lowest part of the vertebral column and is typically composed of four vertebrae that fuse between the ages of twenty five and thirty
51
What are the special features of the cervical vertebrae?
52
What are the special features of the lumbar vertebrae?
- Large bodies
- Thinner transverse processes that project laterally
- Short, thick spinous processes that project posterioly nearly horizontal
53
What are the special features of the sacrum?
- Posterior sacral foramina
- Auricular surfaces
- Sacral promontory
- Sacral canal
- sacral hiatus
- Anterior sacral foramina
54
What are the special features of the thoracic vertebrae?
55
What are the special features of the coccyx?
- Attached by ligaments to the margins of the sacral hiatus
56
57
Describe a typical vertebrae
A thick anterior dum shaped portion of a vertebra is called the body.
Pedicles extend posteriorly from the body, and flattened laminae continue posteriorly from the pedicles
The laminae fuse in back to form the spinous process.
The rounded vertebral foramen is formed by the vertebral arch (pedicles + laminae + spinous process) and the body of the vertebra
The transverse processes extend laterally between the pedicles and the laminae
The superior and inferior articular processes extend upward and downward from the vertebral arch to form joints with adjacent vertebrae
The lower surfaces of the pedicles are notched to help form the intervertebral foramina
