Vertebrates

Question 1

What is are the characteristics of Phylum Chordata

Answer 1

1. Notochord: rod-like structure present at some stage of development replaced by spine
   2.Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord: above the notochord and develops into a central nervous system
   3.Pharyngeal slits: opening in the pharynx that are used in filter-feeding which turns into gills
   4.Post-Anal Tail: extension of the body beyond the anus, reduces as animal grows
2. Cranium or skull that protects the brain
   6.Endoskeleton composed of bone or cartilage

Question 2

What are the major subphyla in Chordata

Answer 2

1. Urochordata(Tunicates)
2. Cephalochordata
3. Vertebrata

Question 3

Key Characteristics of Urochordata (Tunicates)

Answer 3

-Found mostly in marine
- in larval stage they have all chordate characteristics
-Feed by filtering food
-The notochord and tail disappear as the organism matures
-produce sexually and pass through metamorphosis

Question 4

What are Key Characteristics Cephalochordata?

Answer 4

-They keep all chordate characteristics throughout their life.
-body is elongated and tapered at both ends
-do not have elongated and tapered at both ends
-they are filter feeders
-reproduce sexually

Question 5

What are the characteristics of vertebrates

Answer 5

-Have a stiff rod running through length
-Have notochord that grows into vertebral column
-Bundle of nerves run above the vertebral column
-Mouth present at the anterior portion

Question 6

Types of Vertebrates in terms of Blood temp control

Answer 6

-Ectoderms-really on the external environment for temp control instead of their own
-Endotherms-Regulate temp to make it remain constant

Question 7

What are the Classes of Chordata Phylum

Answer 7

1.Fish
2. Amphibians
3.Reptiles
4.Birds
5.Mammals

Question 8

What are the characteristics of fish?

Answer 8

-Cold blooded animals
- live in water
-breathe via gills
-skin covered in scales
-have fins to swim which help to move forward, steer and balance
-Slimy substance moisten the scales
-Have swim bladders

Question 9

What are the classes of fish

Answer 9

1.Bony Fish(Osteichthyes)
2. Cartilaginous fish (chondrichthyes)
3. Jawless Fish (Agnatha)

Question 10

What are the Characteristics of Bony Fish?

Answer 10

-Have skeleton made of bones
-Have gill covers and air bladder anatomically
–Use gills to brethe
Make up 95% of all fishW

Question 11

What are the characteristics of Cartilaginous fish?

Answer 11

-Made of cartilage instead of bony skeleton
-Flexible but tough
-Breathe via spiracles
-Covered in dermal denticles

Question 12

What are the characteristics of Jawless Fish?

Answer 12

-have long narrow body
-lack scales and have a sucker like mouth filled with little teeth

Question 13

What are the characteristics of birds ?

Answer 13

-Warm blooded animals characterized by feathers, toothless beaks and high metabolic rate
-lay hard-shelled eggs, most can fly
-live on land and air
-eggs have to be kept warm

Question 13

What are the types of Jawless Fish?

Answer 13

1.Parasitic lampreys- use their sucker like mouth to attach themselves to other fish and suck blood
2.Non-Parasitic lampreys- feed on less greenway, found in fresh water via filter feeding

Question 13

What are the characteristics of Amphibians?

Answer 13

-cold blooded animals
-live in water as tadpoles and breath via gills and live on land as adults and breathe via via lungs and skin
-Need water to breed as eggs are shell less
-they undergo metamorphosis
-fertilization is external
-body as head and trunk but no neck present
-moist skin without scales

Question 13

What are the characteristics of reptiles?

Answer 13

-Cold blooded and breathe with lungs
-Have scales and most lay eggs
-Reptiles include snakes, turtles
-common in tropics not in polar region
-ectothermic in nature
-a lot live in water
-breath via lungs
-skin covered in shells

Question 13

What are the characteristics of Birds?

Answer 13

-warm blooded animals characterized by feathers, toothless beak and high metabolic rates
-lay hard shelled eggs
-most can fly
-can live both on land and in air
-breath via lungs
-eggs need to be kept warm

Question 14

What are the characteristics of mammals?

Answer 14

-warm blooded
-nourished by mothers milk in infant stage
-breath via lungs
-most are born alive
-most mammals have hair

Question 14

what are the classification of Mammals?

Answer 14

1.How they reproduce
-oviparous- babies born from eggs laid by mother
-viviparous- babies born alive from their mothers womb
2. what they eat.
- Carnivores
-Herbivores
-Omnivores
3. How they breathe
-breath via gills
-breath via lungs
-breath via skin