Vertebrates Flashcards
(21 cards)
dorsal vs. ventral
anterior vs. posterior
foramen magnum (frog)
skull, urostyle, vertebrae (frog)
sternum
Pectoral girdle and forelimbs (clavicle, coracoid, humerus, radio-ulna, scapula, suprascapula)
Pelvid girdle and hindlimbs (femur, ilium, ischium, pubis, tibio-fibula)
homologous bony structures shared by humans, frogs, and birds
humerus, ulna, radius (radio-ulna in frogs), carpals
fused bones in frogs
radio-ulna and tibio-fibula
carina
sharp keel of the sternum in birds
wishbone
fused clavicles in birds (also called the furcula)
frog taxonomy
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Amphibia
rat taxonomy
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
External differences between frogs and rats
Rats: tail, hair, ears
Frogs: no tail, no hair, no ears
Compare/contrast teeth and tongue of rat and frog
frog - maxillary teeth, tongue attaches in front
rat - incisor teeth, tongue attaches in back
cloaca
The cloaca lies beneath the pubic bone and is a general receptacle for the intestine, the reproductive system, and the urinary system. It opens to the outside by way of the anus.
Internal Anatomy of the frog:
esophagus
gall bladder
heart (atria and ventricles)
instestine (small and large)
kidney
liver
lung
Frog internal anatomy 2:
pancreas
spleen
stomach
rat internal anatomy:
diaphragm
esophagus
heart
intestines
kidney
liver
lung
pancreas
spleen
stomach
female rat reproductive anatomy:
ovary
oviduct
uterus
Male rat anatomy:
penis
testis
Frog anatomy/reproduction considerations
Male frogs do not have a penis and female frogs do not have uterus because reproduction occurs outside the body.
The female releases eggs from her ovaries, the male sprays the eggs with his sperm from on her back as they are released, fertilizing them
physiologic manifestations that enable jumping/flying
suprascapula and scapula provide sites of attachment for shoulder muscles (birds only scapula); birds require the increased surface area for muscle attachment to be able to fly (or jump for frogs)
