Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EENT > Vertigo > Flashcards

Vertigo Flashcards

(33 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define Vertigo

A
  • produced by vestibular system
  • sensation of movement
  • nausea, emesis, diaphoresis, tachycardia, anxiety, adrenergic response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Lightheadedness

A
  • non-vertiginous
  • feel faint or like you will pass out
  • orthostatic +

volume loss, anemia, antihypertensives, diuretics, antidepressants

  • diabetes/hypoglycemia
  • hyperventilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define syncope

A
  • non-vertiginous
  • loss of consciousness
  • arrhythmia, sick sinus syndrome, heart valve, reduction in cerebral circulation, subclavian steal syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do you do in a physical exam for vertigo?

A
  • otologic and vestibular exam (head/neck, tuning forks, nystagmus, Fakuda step test, Dix-Hallpike)
  • neurological exam (CN, cerebellar function, gate)
  • vision
  • proprioception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) causes and risk factors

A

multiple quick, recurrent atttacks of vertigo triggered by position changes that quickly resolve with in 10-15 seconds
-most common

  • caused by dislodged utricle otoconia
  • risk factors: CVA, acquired birthdays, previous vestibular neuronitis, Meniere’s Disease, migraine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BPPV signs/symptoms and physical exam

A
  • intense brief (seconds) positional vertigo
  • vertigo fatigues upon repeating position
  • Dix-hallpike maneuver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BPPV treatment

A
  • repositioning (Epley) Maneuver 75%
  • Brandt-Daroff exercise
  • Semont Maneuver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meniere’s Disease

A 
Episodic vertigo (2 or more events) w/ fluctuating hearing loss, increased tinnitus or aural fullness with no other explination
-common in middle age
  • debilitating, viral or autoimmune etiology
  • endolymphatic hydrops
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Meniere’s Disease Signs/Symptoms

A

vertigo that lasts 20 min to 24 hours

unilateral aural fullness, tinnitus, and hearing loss

occurs daily or 2/3years

nausea and emesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Meniere’s Disease treatments

A

depends on hearing status, labrinthine function, health status, patient wishes

non-destructive and destructive

always start with diet and diuretic (70% control)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Non-destructive treatment for Meniere’s Disease

A

low sodium diet

diuretic

short term vestibular suppressants

oral steroids

immunotherapy

trans-tympanic steroids (90% control 1-2yrs)

endolymphatic mastoid shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Destructive treatment for Meniere’s Disease

A

trasntympanic gentamycin (90% control)

sacculotomy

labyrinthectomy (>90%)

vestibular nerve section (>90%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vestibular Neuronitis/Acute Labyrinthitis

A

Sudden onset of vertigo lasting minutes to hours followed by several weeks of recovery of equilibrium

aka Epidemic Vertigo

vestibular nerve inflammation-temporal bone histology

virus implications (HSV, flu, epstein-barr, cytomegalovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vestibular Neuronitis Signs/Symptoms/tests

A

Occasionally recurrent

sudden onset lasting days to week, no hearing loss

nausea, emesis, sever disequilibrium

motion induced disequilibrium for weeks to months

ENG usually reveals unilateral caloric weakness

Test
Fakuda Step Test

falls to side of weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vestibular Neuronitis treatment

A

short term vestibular supressants (benzo, antihist.,anticholi.)

antiemetics

seroids

vestibular rehab ASAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Labyrinthitis

Study These Flashcards
A

similar presentation to VN

*unilateral hearing loss

inflammation w/in vestibular labyrinth - viral>bacterial

17
Q

Labyrinthitis treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

short term vestibular supressants, antiemetics, steroids.. if bacterial use antibiotics

vestibular rehab

18
Q

Migrainous Vertigo

Study These Flashcards
A

10x more common than peripheral vestibulopathy

young female

history vertigo common

19
Q

Migranious Vertigo Signs/symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A

migraine headaches and episodic vestibular sx and migraine HA together

vestibular symptoms- minutes to hours, possible nausea

photophobia, panophobia

nausea w/ HA

dietary triggers

normal hearing, possible tinnitus

20
Q

Migrainous Vertigo Treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

prophylactic migraine therapy improves HA and vestibular

(CCC, BB,topiramate)

migraine diet

21
Q

Aucoustic Neuroma

Study These Flashcards
A

Benign tumor of vestibular nerve

22
Q

Acoustic Neuroma Signs/Symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A

unilateral SNHL

tinnitus

vestibular symptoms

Unchecked growth

  • HL
  • cranial neuropathies
  • obstructive hydrocephalus
23
Q

Acoustic Neuroma treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

depends on hearing status, age, general health

observation

sterotactic radiosurgery

microsurgical resection

possible vestibular rehabilitation

24
Q

Perilymph Fistual

Study These Flashcards
A

perilymph leak from oval window due to trauma, barotrauma, coughing, congenital

25
Perilymph Fistual signs/symptoms
vertgo nystagmus (fistula test) disequilibrium SNHL-unilateral tinnitus
26
Perilymph Fistual treatment
Occurs after a 7 day cruise females>males, usually subside after 1 month etiology unclear rocking motion, still on boat feeling
27
Mal de Debarquement Syndrome
Occurs after a 7 day cruise females>males, usually subside after 1 month etiology unclear rocking motion, still on boat feeling
28
Mal De Debarquement prevention and treatment
Prevention -scopolamine, dramamine, meclizine Treatment - vestibular supressants - vestibular rehab
29
Multifactorial Dizziness/Disequilibrium of Aging
function declines with age obesity, arthritis, joint replacements, low muscle mass, poor vision, diabetes, CVA, ect aging affects vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive available aging affects ability of CNS to process sensory and elicit motor 47% men 61% women fall over age 65 20-40% 33% significant fall by 80, 50% preceded by vertigo
30
Multifactorial Dizziness/Disequilibrium of aging treatment
identify any vestibular disorder and treat no prolonged vestibular suppressants night lights, glasses, shoes vestibular rehab and fall prevention physical terapy
31
Central Vertigo
lesion affects central vestibular pathways - multiple sclerosis - cerebellar atrophy, stroke, tumor, bleed - brain stem stroke - vestibular insufficiency - Arnold Chiari malformation - hydrocephalus; pseudo tumor - B12 deficiency, mag depletion, lithium or dilantin toxicity
32
Central Vertigo Signs/Symptoms and treatment
signs/symptoms - HA, tinnitus/HL, disequilibrium, possible visual changes - vertical nystagmus, disequilibrium, severe gait abnormalities, multiple neurological findings Treatment - treat underlying problem - vestibular rehab - PT
33
Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibular Loss
caused by sudden asymmetric change in afferent vestibular nerve input one is sending more info than the other cerebellum (cerebellar clamp) stops output from both nuclei w/in 24-72 hrs reduces severe symptoms, disequilibrium and motion induced symptoms continue

EENT (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions