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Year 3 - GP Block > Vertigo > Flashcards

Vertigo Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main causes of vertigo?

A

Herpes zoster

Acoustic neuroma

Ménière’s

Benign positional vertigo

Ototoxicity

Acute labyrinthitis

Trauma

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2
Q

What type of herpes zoster infection can cause vertigo?

A

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

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3
Q

What other symptoms present in Ramsay-Hunt syndrome?

A

Ipsilateral facial paralysis

Ear pain/hearing loss

Lacrimation

Tinnitus

Vesicles in pinna

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4
Q

What cranial nerves can be affected by herpes zoster in Ramsay-Hunt syndrome?

A

V

VII

VIII

IX

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5
Q

What is the definition of vertigo?

A

Hallucination of movement, often rotatory (of the patient or their surroundings)

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6
Q

What other types of movement can be experienced with vertigo?

A

Tilting/sinking/rising of the floor

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7
Q

What other types of ‘dizziness’ is it important to distinguish vertigo from.

A

Light headedness/faintness

Loss of awareness

‘Vertigo’ with abnormal symptoms

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8
Q

What can cause light headedness/faintness?

A

Hypotension

Anaemia

Anxiety

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9
Q

What can cause loss of awareness?

A

Epilepsy

Syncope

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10
Q

What symptoms can accompany vertigo?

A

Tinnitus

Hearing loss

Pallor

Sweating

Nausea and vomiting

Difficulty walking/standing

Relief on lying/sitting still

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11
Q

What can cause vertigo with accompanying tinnitus and hearing loss?

A

Labyrinthitis

Ménière’s

Acoustic neuroma

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

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12
Q

When does benign positional vertigo occur?

A

When moving

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13
Q

Why does BPV occur when moving?

A

Due to the moving of debris in the semi-circular canals of the ear

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14
Q

How does acute labyrinthitis typically present?

A

Abrupt onset vertigo, N+V, +/- prostration

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15
Q

What can cause acute labyrinthitis?

A

Viral infection

Vascular lesion

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16
Q

How is acute labyrinthitis treated?

A

Reassure the patient it will clear on its own

17
Q

How long does it take for the severe vertigo experience in acute labyrinthitis to subside?

A

A number of days

18
Q

How long can it take for a patient to fully recover from acute labyrinthitis?

A

Weeks

19
Q

How does Ménière’s disease present?

A

Fluctuating hearing loss and attacks of vertigo lasting >20 minutes

20
Q

What causes vertigo in Ménière’s disease?

A

Increased pressure in the endolymphatic system of the ear

21
Q

What are some drugs that can cause ototoxicity?

A

Cisplatin

Loop diuretics

Aminoglycosides

22
Q

What is a better description of an acoustic neuroma?

A

Vestibular schwannoma

23
Q

What signs can an acoustic neuroma cause later on?

A

Signs of raised ICP

24
Q

How does an acoustic neuroma typically present early on?

A

Unilateral hearing loss followed by vertigo

25
Q

Trauma to which regions can result in vertigo?

A

Cerebello-pontine angle

Temporal bone

Year 3 - GP Block (5 decks)

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