Vessels

Question 1

what is important for maintaining high hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 1

smooth muscle in vessels

Question 2

pressure in venous system?

Answer 2

low

Question 3

pressure in arterial system?

Answer 3

high

Question 4

what is considered macrovasculature

Answer 4

greater than .1mm in diameter, elastic arteries, muscular arteries, large arterioles, veins

Question 5

what is considered microvasculature?

Answer 5

less than 0.1mm in diameter, arterioles, capillaries, post-capillary venules

Question 6

composition of the tunica intima?

Answer 6

endothelium, basal lamina, subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue, internal elastic lamina

Question 7

what is the internal elastic lamina?

Answer 7

a fenestrated sheet of elastin beneath the subendothelium

Question 8

what is the internal elastic lamina most prominent in ?

Answer 8

muscular arteries

Question 9

composition of tunica media?

Answer 9

concentric layers of smooth muscle, interspersed elastic fibers and type III collagen, contains the external elastic lamina in arteries

Question 10

what is the tunica externa/adventitia

Answer 10

contains fibroblasts, type I collagen, elastic fibers oriented along longitudinal axes, merges with adjacent surrounding connective tissue, in large veins and elastic arteries there is the vasa vasorum

Question 11

which are considered elastic arteries?

Answer 11

the aorta and all of its branches

Question 12

characteristic of elastic arteries?

Answer 12

have thick walls with very high elasticity to help stabilize and maintain blood flow, elastin content makes vessel look kinda yellow

Question 13

what are weibel-palade bodies

Answer 13

rodlike inclusions within the tightly packed ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, are the storage cells that contain and release von-willebrand factor and P selectin

Question 14

where are weibel-palade bodies found?

Answer 14

tunica intima of elastic arteries

Question 15

characteristics of the intima in elastic arteries

Answer 15

thick and typically folded

Question 16

characteristics of the tunica media in elastic arteries?

Answer 16

most prominent, abundant concentrically arranged elastic fibers in the internal elastic lamina, scattered concentric smooth muscle, vasa vasorum (in larger vessels)

Question 17

characteristics of tunica adventitia in elastic arteries

Answer 17

thins, have mainly fibroblasts, type I collagen, elastic fibers, and some vasa vasorum

Question 18

what is P selectin

Answer 18

recruit circulating leukocytes to site of injury

Question 19

where is the vasa vasorum found?

Answer 19

tunica media and adventitia to supply the vessel itself

Question 20

where are the vasomotor nerve fibers found in the vessel??

Answer 20

near the tunica media to control vasoconstriction (thru norepi release)

Question 21

what are aneurysms?

Answer 21

focal dilations in artery with at least 50% increase in vessel’s diameter

Question 22

cause of aneurysm?

Answer 22

failure of major structural components due to congenital defect or acquired damage by chronic inflammation

Question 23

common locations for aneurysm?

Answer 23

aorta, popliteal, mesenteric, splenic, cerebral arteries

Question 24

what is atherosclerosis?

Answer 24

starts with endothelial injury, then chronic inflammation deposits lipid, collagen and possibly calcification in the intima

Question 25

what could atherosclerosis cause?

Answer 25

narrowed lumen and impaired blood flow, hemorrhage, ulceration, aneurysm formation

Question 26

what are vericose veins?

Answer 26

abnormal dilation and tortuosity of veins in pampiniform plexus caused by weakness in the media

Question 27

what are the risk factors for vericose veins?

Answer 27

pregnancy, female, standing occupations, older age, obesity, smoking

Question 28

characteristic of vericose veins?

Answer 28

reverse venous flow resulting in distended areas of pooled blood

Question 29

common sites of vericose veins?

Answer 29

leg, anorectal region (hemorrhoids), lower esophagus (esophageal varices), spermatic cord (varicocele)

Question 30

what is a cause of varicose veins?

Answer 30

increased intraluminal pressure, defect in structure or function of a valve

Question 31

function of lymphatic system

Answer 31

transporting and collecting excess interstitial fluid from tissue spaces and return it to the blood, also distributes lymphocytes, antibodies, other immune components that are picked up at lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues

Question 32

describe the flow of lymph

Answer 32

lymphatic capillaries to larger lymphatic vessels, then to right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct

Question 33

what allows the ISF to move?

Answer 33

moves from the plasma through the microvasculature by hydrostatic pressure