Vessels And Circulation

Question 1

Atrium

Answer 1

• Receiving chamber

Question 2

Ventricle

Answer 2

• pumping chamber

Question 3

Vascular Circuits

Answer 3

• CO2 is exchanged for O2 in the capillary beds of the lungs
• Oxygen and nutrients are exchanged for CO2 in capillary beds of the systemic circulation

Question 4

Arteries

Answer 4

• blood goes away from the heart to the body

Question 5

Veins

Answer 5

• from the body to the heart

Question 6

Tunica external/adventitia

Answer 6

• connective and adipose tissues
• applies to arteries and veins

Question 7

Tunica media

Answer 7

• middle layer
• smooth muscles
• applies to arteries and veins

Question 8

Tunica intima

Answer 8

• endothelial lining, basement membrane, and connective tissue
• applies to arteries and veins

Question 9

Large Elastic (Conducting) arteries

Answer 9

• large diameter
• large amount of elastic fibers in tunica media
• only a couple of these
• things like the aorta that go directly from the heart to other regions

Question 10

Medium Muscular arteries (Distributing)

Answer 10

• medium size
• tunica media has more smooth muscle, fewer elastic fibers
• sympathetic control causes vasodilation (gets bigger) and vasoconstriction (gets smaller)
  > things like blood pressure

Question 11

Small arteries and arterioles

Answer 11

• smallest
• controls blood btw capillaries and arteries

Question 12

Capillaries

Answer 12

• small
• gas and nutrient exchange occurs in capillaries
• lie btw arterioles (leading to capillaries) and venules (leading away from capillaries)
• part vein and part artery

Question 13

Continuous Capillaries

Answer 13

• uninterrupted endothelium
• keeps contents in
• CT, muscle, skin, lungs, CNS
• don’t want fluid leaking out of skin and lungs

Question 14

Fenestrated Capillaries

Answer 14

• endothelial cells with fenestrations (small holes)
• allows rapid exchange of fluids
• endocrine glands, sites of fluid or metabolite absorption

Question 15

Discontinuous Capillaries (Sinusoids)

Answer 15

• endothelial cells with large openings separated by wide intercellular gaps
• permits extensive exchange of fluids
• liver, spleen, bone marrow (passage of blood plasma proteins)

Question 16

General Outflow of the Heart (Ascending Aorta)

Answer 16

• aortic arch has 3 branches: brachiocephalic trunk (right side), left common carotid artery (left), and left subclavian artery (left)

Question 17

General Outflow of the Heart (descending aorta)

Answer 17

• right and left common iliac arteries
  > divides into internal iliac artery and external iliac artery

Question 18

Draw the general outflow of the heart

Answer 18

Question 19

Blood Flow to the head and neck

Answer 19

• internal carotid artery
• external carotid artery
• common carotid artery

Question 20

Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis)

Answer 20

• anastomosis: cross-connection btw arteries
• if you have a clot, there’s another way to get to a diff part of the brain
• group 1 (ant): internal carotid artery -> middle cerebral artery -> anterior cerebral artery
• group 2 (post): vertebral artery -> basilar artery -> posterior cerebral artery
• connects by posterior communication artery

Question 21

Draw the cerebral arterial circle

Answer 21

Question 22

Blood Flow from the thoracic wall: Azygous vein

Answer 22

• drains right side of thorax
• drains into superior vena cava

Question 23

Blood Flow from the thoracic wall: accessory azygous vein and hemiazygous vein

Answer 23

• hemiazygous vein: drain the left side of the thorax

Question 24

Blood flow through the GI tract: Celiac trunk

Answer 24

• supplies foregut
• stomach, liver, spleen

Question 25

Blood flow through the GI tract: Superior mesenteric artery

Answer 25

- supplies midgut - small intestine, part of large intestine

Question 26

Blood flow through the GI tract: Inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 26

- supplies hindgut - bottom half of large intestine and rectum

Question 27

Gastrointestinal Tract: Hepatic Portal System

Answer 27

- Hepatic portal vein: receives oxygen poor but nutrients rich-blood from the GI organs and filters it through liver - superior mesenteric vein drains midgut - splenic vein drains most of foregut and receives IMV - inferior mesenteric vein drains hindgut

Question 28

Draw hepatic portal system

Answer 28

Question 29

Blood Flow through the Upper Limb

Answer 29

- going from heart to upper limb - subclavian artery -> axillary artery -> brachial artery -> deep brachial artery -> radial artery (lateral) & ulnar artery (medial) -> superficial and deep palmar arches

Question 30

Draw blood flow through the upper limb

Answer 30

Question 31

Blood flow from the upper limb

Answer 31

- deep veins accompany each artery - superficial veins drain the skin and subcutaneous tissue and do not accompany arteries - both drain into subclavian vein - cephalic vein on lateral side - basilic vein on medial side - median cubital vein connects cephalic and basilic vein > how they communicate > where we draw blood from

Question 32

Blood flow through the lower limb

Answer 32

- from the heart to the lower limb - start with the heart and then go through the descending aorta then hits external iliac artery and so on - external iliac artery -> femoral artery (once it enters the thigh) -> popliteal artery (femoral artery passes behind knee to the popliteal fossa) -> divides into posterior tibial artery & anterior tibial artery -> fibular artery (gives off from posterior tibial artery)

Question 33

Blood flow through the lower limb picture of the back of the leg

Answer 33

Question 34

Draw blood flow into lower limb

Answer 34

Question 35

Blood flow from the lower limb

Answer 35

- deep veins accompany each artery - superficial veins drain the skin and subcutaneous tissue and do not accompany arteries - small saphenous vein: on lateral side. Dumps into the politeal vein - great saphenous vein: on medial side. Runs up the leg into the thigh before dumping in to that femoral vein