Vessels And Circulation Flashcards
Atrium
- Receiving chamber
Ventricle
- pumping chamber
Vascular Circuits
- CO2 is exchanged for O2 in the capillary beds of the lungs
- Oxygen and nutrients are exchanged for CO2 in capillary beds of the systemic circulation
Arteries
- blood goes away from the heart to the body
Veins
- from the body to the heart
Tunica external/adventitia
- connective and adipose tissues
- applies to arteries and veins
Tunica media
- middle layer
- smooth muscles
- applies to arteries and veins
Tunica intima
- endothelial lining, basement membrane, and connective tissue
- applies to arteries and veins
Large Elastic (Conducting) arteries
- large diameter
- large amount of elastic fibers in tunica media
- only a couple of these
- things like the aorta that go directly from the heart to other regions
Medium Muscular arteries (Distributing)
- medium size
- tunica media has more smooth muscle, fewer elastic fibers
- sympathetic control causes vasodilation (gets bigger) and vasoconstriction (gets smaller)
> things like blood pressure
Small arteries and arterioles
- smallest
- controls blood btw capillaries and arteries
Capillaries
- small
- gas and nutrient exchange occurs in capillaries
- lie btw arterioles (leading to capillaries) and venules (leading away from capillaries)
- part vein and part artery
Continuous Capillaries
- uninterrupted endothelium
- keeps contents in
- CT, muscle, skin, lungs, CNS
- don’t want fluid leaking out of skin and lungs
Fenestrated Capillaries
- endothelial cells with fenestrations (small holes)
- allows rapid exchange of fluids
- endocrine glands, sites of fluid or metabolite absorption
Discontinuous Capillaries (Sinusoids)
- endothelial cells with large openings separated by wide intercellular gaps
- permits extensive exchange of fluids
- liver, spleen, bone marrow (passage of blood plasma proteins)
General Outflow of the Heart (Ascending Aorta)
- aortic arch has 3 branches: brachiocephalic trunk (right side), left common carotid artery (left), and left subclavian artery (left)
General Outflow of the Heart (descending aorta)
- right and left common iliac arteries
> divides into internal iliac artery and external iliac artery
Draw the general outflow of the heart
Blood Flow to the head and neck
- internal carotid artery
- external carotid artery
- common carotid artery
Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis)
- anastomosis: cross-connection btw arteries
- if you have a clot, there’s another way to get to a diff part of the brain
- group 1 (ant): internal carotid artery -> middle cerebral artery -> anterior cerebral artery
- group 2 (post): vertebral artery -> basilar artery -> posterior cerebral artery
- connects by posterior communication artery
Draw the cerebral arterial circle
Blood Flow from the thoracic wall: Azygous vein
- drains right side of thorax
- drains into superior vena cava
Blood Flow from the thoracic wall: accessory azygous vein and hemiazygous vein
- hemiazygous vein: drain the left side of the thorax
Blood flow through the GI tract: Celiac trunk
- supplies foregut
- stomach, liver, spleen
Blood flow through the GI tract: Superior mesenteric artery
- supplies midgut
- small intestine, part of large intestine
Blood flow through the GI tract: Inferior mesenteric artery
- supplies hindgut
- bottom half of large intestine and rectum
Gastrointestinal Tract: Hepatic Portal System
- Hepatic portal vein: receives oxygen poor but nutrients rich-blood from the GI organs and filters it through liver
- superior mesenteric vein drains midgut
- splenic vein drains most of foregut and receives IMV
- inferior mesenteric vein drains hindgut
Draw hepatic portal system
Blood Flow through the Upper Limb
- going from heart to upper limb
- subclavian artery -> axillary artery -> brachial artery -> deep brachial artery -> radial artery (lateral) & ulnar artery (medial) -> superficial and deep palmar arches
Draw blood flow through the upper limb
Blood flow from the upper limb
- deep veins accompany each artery
- superficial veins drain the skin and subcutaneous tissue and do not accompany arteries
- both drain into subclavian vein
- cephalic vein on lateral side
- basilic vein on medial side
- median cubital vein connects cephalic and basilic vein
> how they communicate
> where we draw blood from
Blood flow through the lower limb
- from the heart to the lower limb
- start with the heart and then go through the descending aorta then hits external iliac artery and so on
- external iliac artery -> femoral artery (once it enters the thigh) -> popliteal artery (femoral artery passes behind knee to the popliteal fossa) -> divides into posterior tibial artery & anterior tibial artery -> fibular artery (gives off from posterior tibial artery)
Blood flow through the lower limb picture of the back of the leg
Draw blood flow into lower limb
Blood flow from the lower limb
- deep veins accompany each artery
- superficial veins drain the skin and subcutaneous tissue and do not accompany arteries
- small saphenous vein: on lateral side. Dumps into the politeal vein
- great saphenous vein: on medial side. Runs up the leg into the thigh before dumping in to that femoral vein
